Auto-immunity and the gut microbiome in type 1 diabetes: Lessons from rodent and human studies. Issue 3 (May 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Fuhri Snethlage, Coco M.; Nieuwdorp, Max; van Raalte, Daniël H.; Rampanelli, Elena; Verchere, Bruce C.; Hanssen, Nordin M.J.
• Is Part Of: Best practice & research. Volume 35:Issue 3(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-05
• Subjects: type 1 diabetes -- NOD mice -- microbiome -- virome; EV Enterovirus -- FMT Faecal Microbiota Transplant -- FOXP3 Forkhead Box Protein 3 -- IA-2 Islet Antigen 2 -- LADA Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults -- LPS Lipopolysaccharide -- NOD mice Non-Obese Diabetic Mice -- NOR mice Non-Obese Resistant Mice -- PAT Pulsed Therapeutic Antibiotics -- SCFA Short Chain Fatty Acids -- T1D Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus -- TCA Tricarboxylic Acid -- TEDDY The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young -- Th17 T Helper 17 Cell -- Treg T Regulatory Cell -- VP7 Viral Protein 7; Endocrine glands -- Diseases -- Periodicals; Metabolism -- Disorders -- Periodicals; Endocrinology -- Periodicals; Metabolism -- Periodicals; 616.4
• DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2021.101544
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1521-690X

Abstract

Abstract : Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an auto-immune disease that destructs insulin-producing pancreatic beta-cells within the islets of Langerhans. The incidence of T1D has tripled over the last decades, while the pathophysiology of the disease is still largely unknown. Currently, there is no cure for T1D. The only treatment option consists of blood-glucose regulation with insulin injections and intensive monitoring of blood glucose levels. In recent years, perturbations in the ecosystem of the gut microbiome also referred to as dysbiosis, have gained interest as a possible contributing factor in the development of T1D. Changes in the microbiome seem to occur before the onset of T1D associated auto-antibodies. Furthermore, rodent studies demonstrate that administering antibiotics at a young age may accelerate the onset of T1D. This review provides an overview of the research performed on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, interventions, and possible treatment options in the field of the gut microbiome and T1D.