Myofibroblast fate plasticity in tissue repair and fibrosis: Deactivation, apoptosis, senescence and reprogramming. Issue 4 (19th June 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Merkt, Wolfgang; Zhou, Yan; Han, Hongwei; Lagares, David
• Is Part Of: Wound repair and regeneration. Volume 29:Issue 4(2021)
• Page Start: 678
• Page End: 691
• Publication Date: 2021-06-19
• Subjects: apoptosis -- cellular senescence -- fate -- fibrosis -- myofibroblast -- plasticity -- reprogramming -- tissue repair; Wound healing -- Periodicals; Regeneration (Biology) -- Periodicals; 617.14
• DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12952
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1067-1927

Abstract

Abstract: In response to tissue injury, fibroblasts differentiate into professional repair cells called myofibroblasts, which orchestrate many aspects of the normal tissue repair programme including synthesis, deposition and contraction of extracellular matrix proteins, leading to wound closure. Successful tissue repair responses involve termination of myofibroblast activities in order to prevent pathologic fibrotic scarring. Here, we discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms limiting myofibroblast activities during physiological tissue repair, including myofibroblast deactivation, apoptosis, reprogramming and immune clearance of senescent myofibroblasts. In addition, we summarize pathological mechanisms leading to myofibroblast persistence and survival, a hallmark of fibrotic diseases. Finally, we discuss emerging anti‐fibrotic therapies aimed at targeting myofibroblast fate such as senolytics, gene therapy, cellular immunotherapy and CAR‐T cells. Abstract :