Low noise, −50 dB second harmonic distortion single‐ended to differential switched‐capacitive variable gain amplifier for ultrasound imaging. Issue 3 (1st May 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Wang, Peng; Ytterdal, Trond
• Is Part Of: IET circuits, devices & systems. Volume 10:Issue 3(2016)
• Page Start: 173
• Page End: 180
• Publication Date: 2016-05-01
• Subjects: low noise amplifiers -- low-power electronics -- ultrasonic imaging -- harmonic distortion -- switched capacitor networks -- differential amplifiers -- CMOS analogue integrated circuits -- operational amplifiers -- biomedical ultrasonics -- biomedical imaging; low noise second harmonic distortion single-ended to differential switched-capacitive variable gain amplifier -- SC-VGA -- complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology -- second harmonic cardiac ultrasound imaging system -- single-stage operational transconductance amplifier -- floating capacitors -- capacitor arrays -- size 0.18 mum -- frequency 2 MHz to 6 MHz -- word length 10 bit -- gain -14 dB to 18 dB -- voltage 1.6 V -- current 900 muA; Electronic circuits -- Periodicals; Electronic systems -- Periodicals; 621.381505
• DOI: 10.1049/iet-cds.2014.0364
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1751-858X

Abstract

Abstract : A low noise, low power, single‐ended to differential switched‐capacitor variable gain amplifier (SC‐VGA) is designed and fabricated in 0.18 µm complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor technology for a 2–6 MHz second harmonic cardiac ultrasound imaging system. The SC‐VGA has 10‐bit dB‐linear gain steps from −14 to 32 dB which are distributed into two stages, and each stage has a single‐stage operational trans‐conductance amplifier using floating capacitors to save the power and improve the noise performance. The first stage converts the single‐ended input to differential outputs with the 2‐bit gain control from 0 to 18 dB, and the second stage exploits 8‐bit capacitor arrays to control the gain from −14 to 14 dB. The measured results show that the second harmonic distortion is <−50 dB, the third harmonic distortion is <−50 dB and the integrated noise from 2 to 6 MHz at the output is −64 dBm at the maximum gain and a sampling frequency of 30 MHz. The simulation results match well with the measured results. The SC‐VGA works at a supply voltage of 1.6 V and consumes the current of 900 µA. The die size of the SC‐VGA is 387 µm × 502 µm.