Shared pathways for neuroprogression and somatoprogression in neuropsychiatric disorders. (December 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Morris, Gerwyn; Puri, Basant K.; Walker, Adam J.; Maes, Michael; Carvalho, Andre F.; Bortolasci, Chiara C.; Walder, Ken; Berk, Michael
• Is Part Of: Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews. Volume 107(2019)
• Page Start: 862
• Page End: 882
• Publication Date: 2019-12
• Subjects: Non-Communicable disorders -- Psychiatry -- Mental disorders -- Obesity -- Metabolic syndrome -- Disease progression -- Staging -- Diabetes -- Cardiovascular disease -- Inflammation -- Oxidative stress -- Pathophysiology -- Treatment -- Aetiology; Psychophysiology -- Periodicals; Human behavior -- Periodicals; Animal behavior -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Behavior -- Periodicals; Ethology -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Psychophysiologie -- Périodiques; Comportement humain -- Périodiques; Animaux -- Mœurs et comportement -- Périodiques; Neurologie -- Périodiques; Animal behavior; Human behavior; Neurology; Psychophysiology; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 573.8
• DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.09.025
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0149-7634

Abstract

Highlights: Neuropsychiatric diseases predispose individuals to obesity and vice versa. Pathophysiological processes are similar in obesity and neuropsychiatric disease. Processes observed in neuropsychiatric disease contribute to developing obesity. Processes observed in obesity contribute to developing neuropsychiatric disease. Adjunctive agents can target these processes, with possibly ameliorative effects. Abstract: Activated immune-inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative stress (IO&NS) pathways and consequent mitochondrial aberrations are involved in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders including major depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. They offer independent and shared contributions to pathways underpinning medical comorbidities including insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, obesity and cardiovascular disease - herein conceptualized as somatoprogression. This narrative review of human studies aims to summarize relationships between IO&NS pathways, neuroprogression and somatoprogression. Activated IO&NS pathways, implicated in the neuroprogression of psychiatric disorders, affect the pathogenesis of comorbidities including insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, obesity and hypertension, and by inference, metabolic syndrome. These conditions activate IO&NS pathways, exacerbating neuroprogression in psychiatric disorders. The processes whereby proinflammatory cytokines, nitrosative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, NADPH oxidase isoforms, PPARγ inactivation, SIRT1 deficiency and intracellular signalling pathways impact lipid metabolism and storage are considered. Through associations between body mass index, chronic neuroinflammation and FTO expression, activation of IO&NS pathways arising from somatoprogression may contribute to neuroprogression. Early evidence highlights the potential of adjuvants targeting IO&NS pathways for treating somatoprogression and neuroprogression.