Lack of clinical significance for molecular detection of respiratory viruses in bronchoalveolar lavage samples. Issue 8 (9th February 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Recio, Raúl; Lalueza, Antonio; Moral, Noelia; Pascual, Consuelo; Muñoz, Marina; Camacho, Javier; Caso, José María; Folgueira, Lola
• Is Part Of: Journal of medical virology. Volume 93:Issue 8(2021)
• Page Start: 4693
• Page End: 4703
• Publication Date: 2021-02-09
• Subjects: bronchoalveolar lavage -- epidemiology -- molecular diagnosis -- respiratory viruses; Virology -- Periodicals; 616
• DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26843
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0146-6615

Abstract

Abstract: The clinical significance of molecular detection of respiratory viruses in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples is poorly defined. We performed an observational retrospective study including all patients who underwent a BAL procedure in our institution, regardless of the reason for bronchoscopy, from January 2015 to December 2018. Respiratory viruses were detected by real‐time polymerase chain reaction with a commercial multiplex panel, and a cell culture was performed to detect cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus. Positive results were correlated with clinical symptoms and patients' characteristics. Of 540 BAL samples analyzed, 113 (20.9%) were positive for any respiratory virus. Viral detection was significantly associated with respiratory symptoms (83.2% vs. 68.9%, p = .004) and radiological infiltrates (67.3% vs. 52.2%, p = .006). The most frequent viruses detected were rhinovirus (42/113, 37.2%), influenza virus (20/113, 17.7%), and parainfluenza virus (PIV) (16/113, 14.2%). Respiratory pathogens codetections were found in 51/113 (45.1%) BAL samples, including more than one virus (16/51, 31.4%), fungi (8/51, 15.7%), and bacteria (9/51, 17.6%). Viral detection was significantly higher in immunocompromised patients (26.5% vs. 16.9%; p = .022). PIV and human metapneumovirus were mostly observed in lung (50.0%, 8/16) and hemopoietic transplant recipients (25%, 2/8), respectively, with clinical repercussions. Our data underline that molecular diagnosis allows identification of viral agents as the etiology of respiratory infections; however, the high frequency of codetections hinders identification of the agent responsible for the current respiratory symptomatology. Immunocompromised patients are the target population in whom to investigate the presence of respiratory viruses in their BAL samples.