An overview of assessment tools for determination of biological Magnesium implant degradation. (July 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Hassan, Hafiz Wajahat; Grasso, Valeria; Korostynska, Olga; Khan, Haroon; Jose, Jithin; Mirtaheri, Peyman
• Is Part Of: Medical engineering & physics. Volume 93(2021)
• Page Start: 49
• Page End: 58
• Publication Date: 2021-07
• Subjects: Biodegradable implants -- Mg implants -- Imaging technique for Mg implants -- Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) -- Photoacoustic Imaging -- Physiological Parameters; BLL Beer Lambert Law -- CcO cytochrome-c-oxidase -- CtOx cytochrome oxidase -- CT Computed Tomography -- DPF Differential Path-length Factor -- DX Digital Radiography -- FPCT, EDAX energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, Flat Panel Computed Tomography -- ICG Indocyanine Green -- IV intravascular -- MBLL Modified Beer Lambert law -- MC Monte-Carlo Simulation -- MDCT Multi-Detector Computed Tomography -- Mg Magnesium -- MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- MRS Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy -- NIRS Near Infrared Spectroscopy -- PAI Photoacoustic Imaging -- PET Positron Emission Tomography -- PLS Partial Least Square -- RTE Radiative Transfer Equation -- SRµCT Synchrotron Radiation-based micro-Computed Tomography -- StO2 saturated oxygen -- THb total tissue hemoglobin -- THI total hemoglobin index -- USPA Ultrasound and Photoacoustic -- X- ray Radiography.; Biomedical engineering -- Periodicals; Biomedical Engineering -- Periodicals; Physics -- Periodicals; Génie biomédical -- Périodiques; Biomedical engineering; Electronic journals; Periodicals; 610.28
• DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2021.05.016
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1350-4533

Abstract

Abstract: Medical implants made of biodegradable materials are advantageous for short-term applications as fracture fixation and mechanical support during bone healing. After completing the healing process, the implant biodegrades without any long-term side effects nor any need for surgical removal. In particular, Magnesium (Mg) implants, while degrading, can cause physiological changes in the tissues surrounding the implant. The evaluation of structural remodeling is relevant, however, the functional assessment is crucial to provide information about physiological changes in tissues, which can be applied as an early marker during the healing process. Hence, non-invasive monitoring of structural and functional changes in the surrounding tissue during the healing process is essential, and the need for new assessing methods is emerging. This paper provides an assessment of Mg based implants, and an extensive review of the literature is presented with the focus on the imaging techniques for investigation of the Mg implants' biodegradation. The potential of a hybrid analysis, including Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) and photoacoustic imaging (PAI) technology, is further discussed. A hybrid solution may play a significant role in monitoring implants and have several advantages for monitoring tissue oxygenation in addition to tissue's acidity, which is directly connected to the Mg implants degradation process. Such a hybrid assessment system can be a simple, ambulant, and less costly technology with the potential for clinically monitoring of Mg implants at site.