Relationship between carbohydrate intake and oral glucose tolerance test results among pregnant women. (June 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Rosenberg, Emily A.; Seely, Ellen W.; James, Kaitlyn; Arenas, Juliana; Callahan, Michael J.; Cayford, Melody; Nelson, Stacey; Bernstein, Sarah N.; Thadhani, Ravi; Powe, Camille E.
• Is Part Of: Diabetes research and clinical practice. Volume 176(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-06
• Subjects: Gestational diabetes -- Pregnancy -- Oral glucose tolerance test -- Carbohydrate; Diabetes -- Periodicals; Diabetes Mellitus -- Periodicals; 616.462
• DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108869
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0168-8227

Abstract

Abstract: Aims: Evaluate the relationship between self-reported carbohydrate intake and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results in pregnancy. Methods: We measured carbohydrate intake using 24-hour dietary recall and performed a 2-hour 75-gram OGTT in 95 pregnant women with risk factors for gestational diabetes (GDM) at a median of 26 weeks' gestation. We tested for associations between carbohydrate intake in the 24 hours preceding the OGTT and 60-minute OGTT glucose, glucose at other timepoints, and glucose area under the curve (AUC) using linear regression, with adjustment for potential confounders. Results: We observed an inverse linear relationship between carbohydrate intake (median 237 grams [interquartile range: 196, 303]) and 60-minute OGTT glucose. For every 50 gram reduction in carbohydrate intake, there was an 8.9 mg/dl increase in 60-minute OGTT glucose ( P < 0.01) in an adjusted model. Lower carbohydrate intake was also associated with higher 30-minute (adjusted β = −6.5 mg/dl, P < 0.01) and 120-minute OGTT glucose (adjusted β = −8.1 mg/dl, P = 0.01) and AUC (adjusted β = −767, P < 0.01). Conclusions: Carbohydrate intake in the day preceding an OGTT in pregnancy is associated with post-load glucose values, with lower carbohydrate intake predicting higher glucose levels and higher carbohydrate intake predicting lower glucose levels. Carbohydrate restriction or excess before an OGTT may affect GDM diagnosis.