Effects of Mediterranean Diet on plasma metabolites and their relationship with insulin resistance and gut microbiota composition in a crossover randomized clinical trial. Issue 6 (June 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Galié, Serena; García-Gavilán, Jesús; Papandreou, Christopher; Camacho-Barcía, Lucía; Arcelin, Pierre; Palau-Galindo, Antoni; Rabassa, Antoni; Bulló, Mònica
• Is Part Of: Clinical nutrition. Volume 40:Issue 6(2021)
• Page Start: 3798
• Page End: 3806
• Publication Date: 2021-06
• Subjects: Mediterranean diet -- Nuts -- Insulin resistance -- Plasma metabolome -- Gut microbiota; CVD cardiovascular disease -- GC-QTOF-MS gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry -- HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance -- LC-Q-TOF-MS liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry -- LC-QqQ-MS liquid chromatography with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry -- LPC lysophosphocholine -- LPE lysophosphoethanolamine -- MedDiet Mediterranean diet -- MetS metabolic syndrome -- PC phosphocholine -- T2D type-2 diabetes -- TG triglyceride -- TMA trimethylamine -- TMAO trimethylamine N-oxide -- TCA tricarboxylic acid; Critically ill -- Nutrition -- Periodicals; Diet therapy -- Periodicals; Parenteral feeding -- Periodicals; Enteral feeding -- Periodicals; Enteral Nutrition -- Periodicals; Parenteral Nutrition -- Periodicals; Metabolism -- Periodicals; Diétothérapie -- Périodiques; Alimentation parentérale -- Périodiques; Alimentation entérale -- Périodiques; Nutrition -- Périodiques; Diet therapy; Enteral feeding; Nutrition; Parenteral feeding; Electronic journals; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 615.854
• DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.04.028
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0261-5614

Abstract

Summary: Background & aims: The Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) may decrease the cardiometabolic risk through modulation of metabolic pathways. Furthermore, the interplay between MedDiet, metabolites and microbial metabolism may improve our understanding on the metabolic effects of this diet. We aimed to evaluate the effect of the MedDiet compared to nuts supplementation on circulating metabolites and their relationship with cardiometabolic health. We further examined whether changes in the metabolomic profiles were associated with changes in gut microbiota composition in a multi-omics integrative approach. Methods: Forty-four adults with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), (aged 37–65) participated in a randomized controlled, crossover 2-months dietary-intervention trial with a 1-month wash-out period, consuming a MedDiet or a non MedDiet plus nuts (50 g/day). Nutritional data were collected at the beginning and the end of each intervention period using 3-day dietary records, as well as fasting blood and fecal samples. Plasma metabolites (m = 378) were profiled using targeted metabolomics. Associations of these metabolites with the interventions were assessed with elastic net regression analyses. Gut microbiota composition was assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing. A sparse least regression analysis combined with a canonical correlation analysis was conducted between the plasma selected metabolites and genera in order to identify the relevant dual-omics signatures discriminating the dietary interventions. Results: Changes in 65 circulating metabolites were significantly associated with the MedDiet (mainly lipids, acylcarnitines, amino acids, steroids and TCA intermediates). Importantly, these changes were associated with decreases in glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR. The network analysis identified two main clusters of genera with an opposite behaviour towards selected metabolites, mainly PC species, ChoE(20:5), TGs and medium/long-chain acylcarnitines. Conclusion: Following a MedDiet, rather than consuming nuts in the context of a non-MedDiet was associated with a specific plasma metabolomic profile, which was also related to metabolic improvements in adults with MetS. The identified correlated network between specific bacteria and metabolites suggests interplay between diet, circulating metabolites and gut microbiota. The trial was registered in the ISRCTN with identifier ISRCTN88780852, https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN88780852 .