Differences in flavourant levels and synthetic coolant use between USA, EU and Canadian Juul products. Issue 4 (27th April 2020)
- Record Type:
- Journal Article
- Title:
- Differences in flavourant levels and synthetic coolant use between USA, EU and Canadian Juul products. Issue 4 (27th April 2020)
- Main Title:
- Differences in flavourant levels and synthetic coolant use between USA, EU and Canadian Juul products
- Authors:
- Erythropel, Hanno C
Anastas, Paul T
Krishnan-Sarin, Suchitra
O'Malley, Stephanie S
Jordt, Sven Eric
Zimmerman, Julie B - Abstract:
- Abstract : Background: 'Juul' is the dominant US e-cigarette brand and was recently introduced to Canada, UK, France, Germany and Italy, with several flavours available across countries. US/Canadian products are sold with 5%, 3% and 1.5% (Canada only) nicotine content, whereas European Union (EU) regulation limits nicotine content to 1.7%. The differential nicotine content raises the question if flavour profiles and Juul device power output differ between countries. Methods: 'Mint', 'Vanilla' and 'Mango' e-liquids from all six countries were purchased in 2019 and analysed by GC/MS for their principal flavourant and nicotine content. In addition, device power specifications were compared for devices purchased from the respective countries. Results: Compositions of Juul e-liquids from the USA and Canada were identical and differed from the EU-marketed liquids, in which principal flavourant concentrations were significantly lower. EU Juul 'Mint' e-liquids contained a synthetic coolant, N-ethyl-p-menthane-3-carboxamide (WS-3), absent in US/Canadian products. US/Canadian 'Mango' e-liquid contained triethyl-citrate, an emulsifier. Nicotine contents matched label information, and devices had identical power specifications. Conclusions: Tested US/Canadian Juul e-liquids contained higher flavour concentrations than EU products, likely reflecting adaptation to user preferences. In EU, 'Mint' e-liquid, menthol is partially substituted with the synthetic coolant WS-3 that elicits aAbstract : Background: 'Juul' is the dominant US e-cigarette brand and was recently introduced to Canada, UK, France, Germany and Italy, with several flavours available across countries. US/Canadian products are sold with 5%, 3% and 1.5% (Canada only) nicotine content, whereas European Union (EU) regulation limits nicotine content to 1.7%. The differential nicotine content raises the question if flavour profiles and Juul device power output differ between countries. Methods: 'Mint', 'Vanilla' and 'Mango' e-liquids from all six countries were purchased in 2019 and analysed by GC/MS for their principal flavourant and nicotine content. In addition, device power specifications were compared for devices purchased from the respective countries. Results: Compositions of Juul e-liquids from the USA and Canada were identical and differed from the EU-marketed liquids, in which principal flavourant concentrations were significantly lower. EU Juul 'Mint' e-liquids contained a synthetic coolant, N-ethyl-p-menthane-3-carboxamide (WS-3), absent in US/Canadian products. US/Canadian 'Mango' e-liquid contained triethyl-citrate, an emulsifier. Nicotine contents matched label information, and devices had identical power specifications. Conclusions: Tested US/Canadian Juul e-liquids contained higher flavour concentrations than EU products, likely reflecting adaptation to user preferences. In EU, 'Mint' e-liquid, menthol is partially substituted with the synthetic coolant WS-3 that elicits a cooling effect like menthol but lacks its distinct 'minty' odour. The inhalational safety of WS-3 is unknown. The use of an emulsifier in US/Canadian 'Mango' Juul e-liquid may be necessary to keep the product homogeneous. Similar power specifications of devices between countries suggest that nicotine aerosol delivery is likely proportional to the e-liquid nicotine content. … (more)
- Is Part Of:
- Tobacco control. Volume 30:Issue 4(2021)
- Journal:
- Tobacco control
- Issue:
- Volume 30:Issue 4(2021)
- Issue Display:
- Volume 30, Issue 4 (2021)
- Year:
- 2021
- Volume:
- 30
- Issue:
- 4
- Issue Sort Value:
- 2021-0030-0004-0000
- Page Start:
- 453
- Page End:
- 455
- Publication Date:
- 2020-04-27
- Subjects:
- electronic nicotine delivery devices -- nicotine -- non-cigarette tobacco products -- public policy
Tobacco use -- Prevention -- Periodicals
Tobacco use -- Periodicals
Smoking -- Law and legislation -- Periodicals
Smoking -- prevention & control -- Periodicals
Tobacco Use Disorder -- prevention & control -- Periodicals
Tobacco -- Periodicals
Electronic journals
613.85 - Journal URLs:
- http://tc.bmjjournals.com/ ↗
http://www.jstor.org/journals/09644563.html ↗
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/180/ ↗
http://www.bmj.com/archive ↗ - DOI:
- 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055500 ↗
- Languages:
- English
- ISSNs:
- 0964-4563
- Deposit Type:
- Legaldeposit
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