Virucidal and antiviral effects of Thymus vulgaris essential oil on feline coronavirus. (July 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Catella, Cristiana; Camero, Michele; Lucente, Maria Stella; Fracchiolla, Giuseppe; Sblano, Sabina; Tempesta, Maria; Martella, Vito; Buonavoglia, Canio; Lanave, Gianvito
• Is Part Of: Research in veterinary science. Volume 137(2021)
• Page Start: 44
• Page End: 47
• Publication Date: 2021-07
• Subjects: Thymus Essential Oil -- Feline Coronavirus -- Thymus vulgaris -- FIP; Veterinary medicine -- Periodicals; Veterinary Medicine -- Periodicals; Médecine vétérinaire -- Périodiques; Médecine vétérinaire -- Recherche -- Périodiques; Diergeneeskunde; 636.089
• DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.04.024
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0034-5288

Abstract

Abstract: Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal systemic disease of felids caused by a Coronavirus (CoV) (FIPV). In spite of its clinical relevance and impact on feline health, currently the therapeutic possibilities for treatment of FIP in cats are limited. The emergence of the pandemic Severe Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV) type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), etiological agent of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), able to infect a broad spectrum of animal species including cats, triggered the interest for the development of novel molecules with antiviral activity for treatment of CoV infections in humans and animals. Essential oils (EOs) have raised significant attention for their antiviral properties integrating and, in some cases, replacing conventional drugs. Thymus vulgaris EO (TEO) has been previously shown to be effective against several RNA viruses including CoVs. In the present study the antiviral efficacy of TEO against FIPV was evaluated in vitro . TEO at 27 μg/ml was able to inhibit virus replication with a significant reduction of 2 log10 TCID50 /50 μl. Moreover, virucidal activity was tested using TEO at 27 and 270 μg/ml, over the cytotoxic threshold, determining a reduction of viral titre as high as 3.25 log10 TCID50 /50 μl up to 1 h of time contact. These results open several perspectives in terms of future applications and therapeutic possibilities for coronaviruses considering that FIPV infection in cats could be a potential model for the study of antivirals against CoVs. Highlights: EOs function as antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and insecticidal agents. TEO showed efficacy against several RNA viruses including CoVs. Anti-infective activity of TEO against FCoV was assessed in CRFK cells. TEO proved to inhibit replication of FCoV in vitro . TEO showed virucidal activity against FCoV up to 92.86%.