Astrocyte-Secreted Matricellular Proteins in CNS Remodelling during Development and Disease. (16th January 2014)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Jones, Emma V.; Bouvier, David S.
• Other Names: Bernardinelli Yann Academic Editor.
• Is Part Of: Neural plasticity. Volume 2014(2014)
• Publication Date: 2014-01-16
• Subjects: Neuroplasticity -- Periodicals; 612.82
• DOI: 10.1155/2014/321209
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2090-5904

Abstract

Abstract : Matricellular proteins are secreted, nonstructural proteins that regulate the extracellular matrix (ECM) and interactions between cells through modulation of growth factor signaling, cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation. Despite being well described in the context of nonneuronal tissues, recent studies have revealed that these molecules may also play instrumental roles in central nervous system (CNS) development and diseases. In this minireview, we discuss the matricellular protein families SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine), Hevin/SC1 (SPARC-like 1), TN-C (Tenascin C), TSP (Thrombospondin), and CCN (CYR61/CTGF/NOV), which are secreted by astrocytes during development. These proteins exhibit a reduced expression in adult CNS but are upregulated in reactive astrocytes following injury or disease, where they are well placed to modulate the repair processes such as tissue remodeling, axon regeneration, glial scar formation, angiogenesis, and rewiring of neural circuitry. Conversely, their reexpression in reactive astrocytes may also lead to detrimental effects and promote the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.