100 Years of daylighting: A chronological review of daylight prediction and calculation methods. (December 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Ayoub, Mohammed
• Is Part Of: Solar energy. Volume 194(2019)
• Page Start: 360
• Page End: 390
• Publication Date: 2019-12
• Subjects: Daylight calculation -- Simulation -- Sky model -- Weather dataset -- Climate-based daylight modeling -- Performance metrics; (ALE) Annual Light Exposure -- (ASE1000/250h) Annual Sunlight Exposure -- (ASHRAE) American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers -- (BGI) British Glare Index -- (BIM) Building Information Modeling -- (BPS) Building Performance Simulation -- (BRDF) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Functions -- (BRE) British Building Research Establishment -- (BSDF) Bidirectional Scattering Distribution Function -- (BSI) British Standard Institution -- (BTDF) Bidirectional Transmittance Distribution Function -- (CAD) Computer-Aided Drafting -- (CBDM) Climate-Based Daylight Modelling -- (CIBSE) Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers -- (CFS) Complex Façade Fenestration -- (CGI) CIE Glare Index -- (CIE) Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage -- (DA) Daylight Autonomy -- (DAcon) Continuous Daylight Autonomy -- (DAmax) Maximum Daylight Autonomy -- (DAv) Daylight Availability -- (DAv150/50%) Daylight Availability: Partially Daylit -- (DAv300/50%) Daylight Availability: Fully Daylit -- (DAv3000/5%) Daylight Availability: Overlit -- (DC) Daylight Coefficient -- (DDS) Dynamic Daylight Simulation -- (DF) Daylight Factor -- (DGI) Daylight Glare Index -- (DGIN) New Daylight Glare Index -- (DGP) Daylight Glare Probability -- (DGPs) Simplified Daylight Glare Probability -- (DSTs) Daylight Simulation Tools -- (eDGPs) Enhanced Simplified Daylight Glare Probability -- (EFA) Education Funding Agency -- (EPW) EnergyPlus Weather -- (ERC) External Reflected Component -- (FEMs) Finite Element Methods -- (FVC) Frequency of Visual Comfort -- (GPUs) Graphics Processing Units -- (HDRI) High Dynamic Range Imaging -- (IDMP) International Daylight Measurement Programme -- (IES) Illuminating Engineering Society -- (IRC) Internal Reflected Component -- (ISH) Integrated Surface Hourly Database -- (IBPSA) International Building Performance Simulation Association -- (IWEC) International Weather for Energy Calculations -- (IVD) Intensity of Visual Discomfort -- (LBNL) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory -- (MBE) Mean Bias Error -- (MF) Multiplication Factor -- (ML) Machine Learning -- (NCDC) National Climatic Data Center -- (NREL) National Renewable Energy Laboratory -- (NSRD) National Solar Radiation Database -- (RMSE) Root Mean Squared Error -- (SBI) Sunlight Beam Index -- (SC) Sky Component -- (SD) Sunlight Duration -- (sDA300/50%) Spatial Daylight Autonomy -- (SNL) Sandia National Laboratory -- (Stot) Annual Sunlight Beam Index -- (TMY) Typical Meteorological Year -- (TRY) Test Reference Year -- (UDI) Useful Daylight Illuminance -- (UGR) CIE Unified Glare Index -- (USDOE) US Department of Energy -- (USGBC) US Green Building Council -- (VCP) Visual Comfort Probability -- (XML) eXtensible Markup Language; Solar energy -- Periodicals; Solar engines -- Periodicals; 621.47
• DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2019.10.072
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0038-092X

Abstract

Highlights: Selecting suitable sky models, weather datasets and building geometry is discussed. 5- and 6-Phase methods are more accurate to predict internal daylight performance. Metrics should report spatiotemporal occurrences above and below given thresholds. Simplified and more objective glare indices are recommended. Simulation tools must integrate usability, interoperability and exchangeability. Abstract: Daylighting is a parallel universe to Architecture, where architects benefit greatly from daylight prediction techniques, which have witnessed a paradigm shift from simple methods to more sophisticated computational simulation tools. Still, such accumulating complexities made many designers disinclined to integrate what they consider difficult methods into their practices, even hindered the casual use of simulation tools, due to the lack of essential knowledge, among other complications. Herein, this research aims to provide a comprehensive review of over 100 years of growing fundamental directions to predict the amount of daylight inside buildings, with a particular focus on tracing sky models, weather datasets, building geometry and daylight calculation methods, which drove the progress of performance metrics and simulation tools, considering detailed descriptions of 50 prevalent simulation tools. This historical review is conducted with the architects' nature in mind to underline existing knowledge gaps in the research domain and reveal future perspectives. Another implication of this research is to remove ambiguity of unfamiliar terms and technicalities, helping practitioners, especially young architects, of different backgrounds and expertise to grasp the essential daylight-related topics, guiding their decisions on suitable tools to use in building design.