Tumor antigens heterogeneity and immune response-targeting neoantigens in breast cancer. (July 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Benvenuto, Monica; Focaccetti, Chiara; Izzi, Valerio; Masuelli, Laura; Modesti, Andrea; Bei, Roberto
• Is Part Of: Seminars in cancer biology. Volume 72(2021)
• Page Start: 65
• Page End: 75
• Publication Date: 2021-07
• Subjects: INDELs insertions or deletions -- FS frameshift -- ORF open reading frame -- NGS next-generation sequencing -- WES whole exome sequencing -- TMG tandem minigene -- PPs peptide pools -- TILs Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes -- TNBCs Triple Negative Breast Cancer -- TCGA The Cancer Genome Atlas -- LNpos or LNneg lymph node metastasis positive or negative -- NSG NOD.SCID.gamma-c-null immunodeficient mice -- PDX patient-derived xenograft -- nsSNVs non-synonymous single nucleotide variants -- ASCs antibody-secreting cells -- SLP synthetic long peptide; Neoantigens -- Cancer vaccine -- Immune response -- Immunotherapy; Cancer -- Periodicals; Neoplasms -- Periodicals; Review Literature; Cancer -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; 616.994
• DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.10.023
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1044-579X

Abstract

Abstract: Breast cancer is both the most common type of cancer and the most frequent cause of cancer mortality in women, mainly because of its heterogeneity and limited immunogenicity. The aim of specific active cancer immunotherapy is to stimulate the host's immune response against cancer cells directly using a vaccine platform carrying one or more tumor antigens. In particular, the ideal tumor antigen should be able to elicit T cell and B cell responses, be specific for the tumor and be expressed at high levels on cancer cells. Neoantigens are ideal targets for immunotherapy because they are exclusive to individual patient's tumors, are absent in healthy tissues and are not subject to immune tolerance mechanisms. Thus, neoantigens should generate a specific reaction towards tumors since they constitute the largest fraction of targets of tumor-infiltrating T cells. In this review, we describe the technologies used for neoantigen discovery, the heterogeneity of neoantigens in breast cancer and recent studies of breast cancer immunotherapy targeting neoantigens.