Analytical and computational indoor shelter models for infiltration of carbon dioxide into buildings: Comparison with experimental data. (January 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Lyons, C.J.; Race, J.M.; Adefila, K.; Wetenhall, B.; Aghajani, H.; Aktas, B.; Hopkins, H.F.; Cleaver, P.; Barnett, J.
• Is Part Of: International journal of greenhouse gas control. Volume 92(2020)
• Publication Date: 2020-01
• Subjects: CO2 pipelines -- CO2 dispersion -- Quantitative risk assessment -- Consequence analysis -- Shelter model; Greenhouse gases -- Environmental aspects -- Periodicals; Air -- Purification -- Technological innovations -- Periodicals; Gaz à effet de serre -- Périodiques; Gaz à effet de serre -- Réduction -- Périodiques; Air -- Purification -- Technological innovations; Greenhouse gases -- Environmental aspects; Periodicals; 363.73874605
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2019.102849
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1750-5836

Abstract

Highlights: Models are developed that can predict the change in CO2 concentration and temperature inside a building engulfed by CO2 . A set of experimental data for the accumulation of CO2 in a single-storey building in the path of a cloud of CO2 is presented. The impact of this work is that the effects of shelter can be now be included in consequence analyses for CO2 pipelines. Abstract: This paper describes two indoor shelter models – an analytical model and a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model - that can be used to predict the level of infiltration of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) into a building following a release from an onshore CO2 pipeline. The motivation behind the development of these models was to demonstrate that the effects of shelter should be considered as part of a Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) for CO2 pipeline infrastructure and to provide a methodology for considering the impact of a CO2 release on building occupants.A key component in the consequence modelling of a release from a CO2 pipeline is an infiltration model for CO2 into buildings which can describe the impact on people inside buildings during a release event. This paper describes the development of an analytical shelter model and a CFD model which are capable of predicting the change in internal concentration, temperature and toxic load within a single roomed building that is totally engulfed by a transient cloud of gaseous CO2 . Application of the models is demonstrated by comparison with experimental measurements of CO2 accumulation in a building placed in the path of a drifting cloud of CO2 . The analytical and CFD models are shown to make good predictions of the average change in internal concentration. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the effects of shelter should be taken into account when conducting QRA assessments on CO2 pipelines.