Evidence for the existence and potential roles of intra-islet glucagon-like peptide-1. Issue 1 (4th March 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Campbell, Scott A.; Johnson, Janyne; Light, Peter E.
• Is Part Of: Islets. Volume 13:Issue 1/2(2021)
• Page Start: 32
• Page End: 50
• Publication Date: 2021-03-04
• Subjects: Glucagon-like peptide-1 -- GLP-1 -- islet -- proglucagon; Islands of Langerhans -- Periodicals; Pancreas -- Periodicals; 616.46
• DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2021.1889941
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1938-2022

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an important peptide hormone secreted by L-cells in the gastrointestinal tract in response to nutrients. It is produced by the differential cleavage of the proglucagon peptide. GLP-1 elicits a wide variety of physiological responses in many tissues that contribute to metabolic homeostasis. For these reasons, therapies designed to either increase endogenous GLP-1 levels or introduce exogenous peptide mimetics are now widely used in the management of diabetes. In addition to GLP-1 production from L-cells, recent reports suggest that pancreatic islet alpha cells may also synthesize and secrete GLP-1. Intra-islet GLP-1 may therefore play an unappreciated role in islet health and glucose regulation, suggesting a potential functional paracrine role for islet-derived GLP-1. In this review, we assess the current literature from an islet-centric point-of-view to better understand the production, degradation, and actions of GLP-1 within the endocrine pancreas in rodents and humans. The relevance of intra-islet GLP-1 in human physiology is discussed regarding the potential role of intra-islet GLP-1 in islet health and dysfunction.