Salivary microbial diversity at different stages of human immunodeficiency virus infection. (June 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Guo, Ying; Xia, Wei; Wei, Feili; Feng, Wei; Duan, Junyi; Sun, Xintong; Yu, Yixi; Wang, Yan; Zhang, Baojin; Cao, Jie; Li, Weidi; Dong, Haozhi; Guo, Shan; Zhang, Fengqiu; Huang, Xiaojie; Sun, Zheng
• Is Part Of: Microbial pathogenesis. Volume 155(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-06
• Subjects: Saliva -- Microbiota -- Diversity -- Human immunodeficiency virus -- Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; Pathogenic microorganisms -- Periodicals; Pathology, Molecular -- Periodicals; Communicable Diseases -- microbiology -- Periodicals; Communicable Diseases -- parasitology -- Periodicals; Micro-organismes pathogènes -- Périodiques; Pathologie moléculaire -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; 616.9041
• DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104913
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0882-4010

Abstract

Abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) disrupts the host microbial balance. During disease progression, the oral microbial environment is altered in untreated people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA); however, no studies have reported changes in salivary microbial diversity during different stages of HIV infection. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to assess the relationships between immune dysfunction and changes in saliva microbiota. To this end, we collected saliva samples from 11 HIV-negative individuals and 44 PLWHA during different stages based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria (stage 0, early stage during the first 6 months after infection; stages 1, 2, and 3 associated with CD4 + T-lymphocyte counts of ≥500, 200–499, and ≤200 or opportunistic infection, respectively). We analyzed salivary microbial community diversity using polymerase chain reaction amplification and Illumina MiSeq sequencing. We found that HIV-positive individuals had significantly greater alpha-diversity in the microbial community composition compared with HIV-negative controls ( P < 0.05) except for AIDS (stage 3); however, the predominant salivary microbiota in the five groups remained similar. Porphyromonas in the four positive groups was the only genus that was significantly less abundant in the HIV-positive groups than in the control group ( P < 0.05). There were some consistencies between the general abundance of salivary microbiota and AIDS disease progression. Lots of bacterial abundances in the saliva increased dramatically during the acute HIV infection (stage 0), and some of the negligible and abnormally proliferating bacteria in the asymptomatic stage showed a downward trend. Additionally, in the AIDS stage, partial inhibition was observed. Notably, Porphyromonas was closely related to the immune activation of HIV, showing a decline in abundance once infected with HIV. Solobacterium, which induces inflammation, was negatively correlated with CD4 counts. Overall, our findings provided important insights into changes in salivary microbial diversity in PLWHA. Highlights: HIV-positive saliva had greater microbial diversity than controls except for AIDS. PLWHA at different disease stages exhibited different saliva microbial features. Porphyromonas was significantly less abundant in HIV-positive groups than in the controls. Solobacterium was negatively correlated with CD4 counts in HIV-positive individuals.