Experimental investigation of the effect of C‐rate, electrode gaps, and electrode surface roughness on the performance characterization of lead‐acid batteries. (7th October 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Nahidi, Saeed; Salari, Mahmoud; Gavzan, Iraj Jafari; Saedodin, Seyfolah
• Other Names: Atabani Abdulaziz E. guestEditor.
• Is Part Of: International journal of energy research. Volume 45:Number 6(2021)
• Page Start: 8231
• Page End: 8242
• Publication Date: 2020-10-07
• Subjects: capacity -- charge and discharge rate -- electrode gaps -- flooded lead‐acid batteries -- response surface method -- roughness quality of electrode surfaces -- temperature rise rate; Power resources -- Periodicals; Power (Mechanics) -- Periodicals; Power resources -- Research -- Periodicals; 621.042
• DOI: 10.1002/er.5836
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0363-907X

Abstract

Summary: One of the leading challenges for researchers is meeting the industry's need for fast charging‐discharging and high capacity batteries, increasing the Charge‐discharge rate (C‐rate) always followed by high temperatures due to thermoelectrochemical reactions and a drastic reduction in the capacity of batteries. Flooded lead‐acid batteries (FLABs) as the most common batteries are provided power for different equipment such as forklifts, submarines, emergency power back up, and for many electrical and telecommunications applications in the industry, has been studied in this article. The effect of three critical parameters of FLAB includes the electrode gaps, roughness quality of electrode surfaces, and C‐rate on the capacity and temperature rise (TR) rate are experimentally investigated. Using the response surface methodology based on the central composite design model, the effect of these parameters on the performance of the battery is also evaluated, and a new correlation is proposed. Analysis of variance of 40 tests performed in this study showed that the C‐rates have the most effect while the surface roughness of electrodes has the least effect on the capacity increase and the reduction of TR rate. The experimental results showed that the C‐rate of C5 with electrode gaps of 4 mm had the optimal response in reaching the maximum capacity and the minimum TR rate. The 3D contour of TR rate of FLAB cells based two independent parameters: Increasing the charging‐discharging rate (C‐rate) of flooded lead‐acid batteries (FLABs) always results in lower capacity and higher temperature rise (TR) rate due to thermoelectrochemical reactions in the batteries. In this experimental study, in order to increase the capacity and reduce the TR rate of FLAB, three important parameters of gap between electrodes, roughness quality of electrode surfaces and C‐rate are investigated. The response surface methodology (RSM) based on the central composite design (CCD) model are used to evaluate the effect of independent parameters on the performance of the FLAB cells and then a new correlation is proposed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the capacity and TR rate are linearly correlated with the considered parameters, and the C‐rate of the FLAB cells has the greatest effect on the capacity and the TR rate.