Special features of γδ T cells in ruminants. (June 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Baldwin, Cynthia L.; Damani-Yokota, Payal; Yirsaw, Alehgne; Loonie, Kathleen; Teixeira, Aline F.; Gillespie, Alexandria
• Is Part Of: Molecular immunology. Volume 134(2021)
• Page Start: 161
• Page End: 169
• Publication Date: 2021-06
• Subjects: Gamma delta T cells -- WC1 -- T cell receptor -- Ruminants -- T19; Immunochemistry -- Periodicals; Molecular biology -- Periodicals; Immunochemistry -- Periodicals; Allergy and Immunology -- Periodicals; Molecular Biology -- Periodicals; Immunochimie -- Périodiques; Biologie moléculaire -- Périodiques; Immunochemistry; Molecular biology; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 571.96
• DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.02.028
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0161-5890

Abstract

Highlights: Bovine γ δ T cells use both TCR and other receptors for activation. 3 main subpopulations of bovine γ δ T cells exist: WC1 −, WC1.1 +, WC1.2 + . Bovine γ δ T cells have Tγ δ 1, Tγ δ 17, Tγ δ Reg and cytotoxic functions. Lineage unique WC1 molecules are PRR and TCR co-receptors. Abstract: Ruminant γ δ T cells were discovered in the mid-1980′s shortly after a novel T cell receptor (TCR) gene from murine cells was described in 1984 and the murine TCRγ gene locus in 1985. It was possible to identify γ δ T cell populations early in ruminants because they represent a large proportion of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). This null cell population, γ δ T cells, was designated as such by its non-reactivity with monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against ovine and bovine CD4, CD8 and surface immunoglobulin (Ig). γ δ T cells are non-conventional T cells known as innate-like cells capable of using both TCR as well as other types of receptor systems including pattern recognition receptors (PRR) and natural killer receptors (NKR). Bovine γ δ T cells have been shown to respond to stimulation through toll-like receptors, NOD, and NKG2D as well as to cytokines alone, protein and non-protein antigens through their TCR, and to pathogen-infected host cells. The two main populations of γ δ T cells are distinguished by the presence or absence of the hybrid co-receptor/PRR known as WC1 or T19. These two populations not only differ by their proportional representation in various tissues and organs but also by their migration into inflamed tissues. The WC1 + cells are found in the blood, skin and spleen while the WC1 − γ δ T cells predominate in the gut, mammary gland and uterus. In ruminants, γ δ T cells may produce IFNγ, IL-17, IL-10 and TGFβ, have cytotoxic activity and memory responses. The expression of particular WC1 family members controls the response to particular pathogens and correlates with differences in cytokine responses. The comparison of the WC1 gene families in cattle, sheep and goats is discussed relative to other multigenic arrays that differentiate γ δ T cells by function in humans and mice.