Microvascular cells: A special focus on heterogeneity of pericytes in diabetes associated complications. (May 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Rajendran, Sharmila; Seetharaman, Shanmuganathan; Dharmarajan, Arun; Kuppan, Kaviarasan
• Is Part Of: International journal of biochemistry & cell biology. Volume 134(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-05
• Subjects: α-SMA α-smooth muscle actin -- Ang Angiopoietin -- BRB Blood Retinal Barrier -- CVD Cardiovascular Disease -- DN Diabetic Nephropathy -- DR Diabetic Retinopathy -- EC Endothelial cells -- FVM Fibrovascular Membrane -- IL-1β Interleukin 1 beta -- IL-4 Interleukin 4 -- LPS Lipopolysaccharide -- MAPK/MEK Mitogen-activated protein kinase -- PC Pericytes cells -- PDGF-β Platelet-derived growth factor-β -- PDR Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy -- PI3Kinase Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase -- SMC Smooth Muscle Cells -- TGF-β Transforming Growth Factor-β -- Tie2 Tyrosine kinase receptor -- TNFα Tumor necrosis factor alpha -- VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor; Diabetes -- Diabetic retinopathy -- Pericytes -- Endothelial cells -- Angiogenesis -- Fibrovascular membrane; Biochemistry -- Periodicals; Cytology -- Periodicals; Biochemistry -- Periodicals; Cell Biology -- Periodicals; Biochimie -- Périodiques; Cytologie -- Périodiques; Biochimie; Cytologie; Biochemistry; Cytology; Ressource Internet (Descripteur de forme); Périodique électronique (Descripteur de forme); Periodicals; 572.05
• DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.105971
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1357-2725

Abstract

Abstract: Pericytes (PC) are microvascular mural cells that make specific cell-to-cell contacts with the endothelial cells (EC). These cells are obligatory constituents of the microvessels including the retinal vasculature and they serve as regulators of vascular development, stabilization, maturation and remodeling. During early stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR), apoptotic loss of PC surrounding the retinal vasculature occurs. This may lead to reduced vessel stability, the onset of EC apoptosis, and subsequent retinal ischemia leading to angiogenesis and eventually, severe vision loss due to late proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Similarly, diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic kidney disease due to hyperglycemia that particularly affects renal PC. Chronic high blood glucose level causes migration of peritubular PC away from the capillary into the interstitial space, which destabilizes the micro vessels, resulting in microvascular rarefaction. In both diabetes associated complications, the identification of specific biomarkers is necessary to stabilize the PC at an early stage. This review largely covers the importance of PC towards the pathogenesis of diabetes associated complications, and their heterogeneity in healthy and angiogenic vasculature.