Comparison of macaque and human L- and M-cone driven electroretinograms. (May 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Kremers, Jan; Aher, Avinash J.; Parry, Neil R.A.; Patel, Nimesh B.; Frishman, Laura J.
• Is Part Of: Experimental eye research. Volume 206(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-05
• Subjects: Electroretinogram -- L-cones -- M-cones -- Macaque -- Human -- Luminance -- Cone opponency; Iopp opponency index -- LMR L:M ERG response ratio -- mfERG multifocal ERG -- PhNR Photopic negative response; Ophthalmology -- Periodicals; Eye -- Periodicals; Œil -- Périodiques; Ophthalmology; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 612.8405
• DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108556
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0014-4835

Abstract

Abstract: Purpose: The macaque retina is often used as a model for the human retina. However, there are only a handful of direct in vivo comparisons of the retinal physiology in humans and macaques. In the current study, ERG responses to luminance, L-cone isolating and M-cone isolating stimuli with sinusoidal, sawtooth and square wave temporal profiles were measured. The results were compared with those obtained from human observers. Methods: The responses from five anesthetized adult macaques were measured. Full field stimuli were created. L- and M-cone isolating stimuli were based on the triple silent substitution technique. Sinusoidal stimuli had temporal frequencies between 4 and 56 Hz in 4 Hz steps. Sawtooth stimuli with rapid-on ramp-off and with rapid-off ramp-on excitation profiles had a frequency of 4 Hz. Square stimuli were presented at 2 Hz. Results: Macaque and human ERGs in response to L- and M-cone isolating stimuli reflect L/M opponency and luminance activity. In responses to sine waves, cone opponency dominates at low temporal frequencies (4–12 Hz); luminance dominates at high temporal frequencies. The responses to sawtooth and square wave stimuli reflect a mixture of chromatic and luminance activity. L:M response ratios vary between individuals both in macaques and humans. Macaques show more complex responses, including greater second harmonic contributions than those in humans. Conclusions: Macaque and human ERGs share basic underlying mechanisms reflecting L/M opponency and luminance activity. There may be quantitative differences possibly reflecting differences in contributions of inner retinal mechanisms to the ERGs. Highlights: ERG responses to different L- and M-cone isolating stimuli were measured in rhesus monkeys and in human observers. Responses to sine-wave stimuli reflected cone opponent and luminance activity at low and high temporal frequencies resp. Responses to sawtooth and square wave stimuli showed opponent and luminance activity in both species. The responses in the macaques were generally more complex and second harmonic components were larger. Basic ERG mechanisms are similar in humans and macaques, but the macaques show stronger secondary mechanisms.