Assessment tool for visual perception deficits in cerebral visual impairment: reliability and validity. (2nd July 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Vancleef, Kathleen; Janssens, Eva; Petré, Yasmine; Wagemans, Johan; Ortibus, Els
• Is Part Of: Developmental medicine & child neurology. Volume 62:Number 1(2020)
• Page Start: 118
• Page End: 124
• Publication Date: 2019-07-02
• Subjects: Child development -- Periodicals; Pediatric neurology -- Periodicals; 616.8
• DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14304
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0012-1622

Abstract

Abstract : Aim: To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Children's Visual Impairment Test for 3‐ to 6‐year‐olds (CVIT 3–6). Method: Reliability was assessed via test–retest correlation and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) in typically developing children, children with cerebral visual impairment (CVI), intellectual impairment, and simulated impaired vision (validation groups n =59, mean developmental age=4y 10mo, 27 females, 32 males). Internal validity was evaluated with a confirmatory factor analysis on the normative sample ( n =301, median age=4y 8mo, SD=9.7mo, 148 females, 153 males). External validity was assessed by correlating performance on CVIT 3–6 with L94, the Beery‐Buktenica Developmental Test of Visuo‐Motor Integration (Beery‐VMI), the Freiburg Vision Test, the revised Snijders‐Oomen Nonverbal Intelligence Test for children between 2 years 6 months and 7‐years‐old (SON‐R 2.5–7), and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) questionnaire and by comparing performance between validation groups. Results: We observed very good test–retest reliability ( r =0.82, p <0.001, ICC=0.80) and confirmed the hypothesized factor structure (comparative fit index=1; Tucker‐Lewis index=1.045). We found high correlations with tests with a strong visual perception component (L94 : r =0.74, p <0.001; SON‐R 2.5–7: r =0.37, p =0.01) and low correlations with other tests (Beery‐VMI: r =0.25, p =0.09; SRS: r =0–0.26, p =0.09). Lowest scores were observed for children with CVI compared to the other validation groups ( F [3, 44]=5.1, p =0.003). Interpretation: CVIT 3–6 is grounded in knowledge of visual perception. The tool specifically measures CVI‐related visual perception deficits and is not mediated by intellectual abilities or low visual acuity. What the paper adds: Evidence for good test–retest reliability of the Children's Visual Impairment Test for 3‐ to 6‐year‐olds (CVIT 3–6). Factor structure of normative data reflects CVIT 3–6's foundations in vision science. CVIT 3–6 specifically measures visual perception impairments. CVIT 3–6 performance is not influenced by intelligence or low visual acuity. What the paper adds: Evidence for good test–retest reliability of the Children's Visual Impairment Test for 3‐ to 6‐year‐olds (CVIT 3–6). Factor structure of normative data reflects CVIT 3–6's foundations in vision science. CVIT 3–6 specifically measures visual perception impairments. CVIT 3–6 performance is not influenced by intelligence or low visual acuity. This article is commented on by Williams on page 15 of this issue.