Hierarchical and multi‐level demand response programme considering the flexibility of loads. Issue 6 (10th February 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Rajabi, Firouzeh; Salami, Abolfazl; Azimi, Maryam
• Is Part Of: IET generation, transmission & distribution. Volume 14:Issue 6(2020)
• Page Start: 1051
• Page End: 1061
• Publication Date: 2020-02-10
• Subjects: demand side management -- optimisation -- power markets -- pricing -- matrix algebra; hierarchical DRP -- time levels -- load curve -- supply -- system frequency -- control loops -- different response times -- scheduling DR -- defined control parameters -- load variations -- weight matrices -- power market prices -- demand flexibility index -- predicted load pattern -- aggregation demand -- hopping DR -- mathematical model -- multilevel demand response programme -- peak load -- unnecessary power plants -- modified framework -- DR programmes; Electric power production -- Periodicals; Electric power transmission -- Periodicals; Electric power distribution -- Periodicals; 621.3105
• DOI: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2019.1397
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1751-8687

Abstract

Abstract : Demand response (DR) has a key role in reducing the peak load and avoiding the construction of unnecessary power plants. In this study, the new modified framework is presented to plan and control DR programmes (DRPs) with a novel mathematical model. The proposed hierarchical DRP is designed at three time levels to flatten the load curve, to balance between supply and demand, and to support system frequency. The proposed structure consists of three control loops with different response times from a fraction of a second to several hours for scheduling DR via defined control parameters in this programme. To minimise load variations and customer cost, the novel objective function based on weight matrices is presented. To optimally transfer loads, these matrices are weighted based on power market prices, load level, and flexibility of loads. Moreover, the demand flexibility index is used to take into account the uncertainty in the predicted load pattern and reduce errors of aggregation demand. The proposed programme has been implemented on a 20‐kV feeder to indicate its effective performance compared to hopping DR and centralised direct load control (DLC). The proposed mathematical model is verified by numerical results.