Neural activation of anxiety and depression in children and young people: A systematic meta-analysis of fMRI studies. (30th May 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Ashworth, Emma; Brooks, Samantha J.; Schiöth, Helgi B.
• Is Part Of: Psychiatry research. Volume 311(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-05-30
• Subjects: Activation likelihood estimation -- Mood disorders -- Internalising disorders -- Youth -- Amygdala -- Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Psychiatry -- Periodicals; Brain -- Imaging -- Periodicals; Psychiatry -- Periodicals; Diagnostic Imaging -- Periodicals; Psychiatrie -- Périodiques; Cerveau -- Imagerie pour le diagnostic -- Périodiques; 616.890754
• DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111272
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0925-4927

Abstract

Highlights: First meta-analysis of fMRI data of anxiety & depression in children & adolescents. Neural correlates of anxiety disorders in children & adolescents. Results may aid identification of children & adolescents with anxiety disorders. Results may aid development of effective pharmacological & psychological therapies. Abstract: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies consistently demonstrate altered neural activation in youth experiencing anxiety and depression in a way that is distinct from adult-onset disorders. However, there is a paucity of research systematically reviewing this, and no meta-analyses have been conducted using Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE). The present study conducted a systematic literature search to identify fMRI studies in youth (age 4–18) with depression or anxiety disorders. 48 studies with over 2000 participants were identified that met the inclusion criteria. Significant foci were extracted. Five ALE meta-analyses were conducted: a) activation for both anxiety disorders and depression; b) activation for anxiety disorders only; c) activation for depression only; d) deactivation for both anxiety disorders and depression; e) deactivation for depression. Results indicated significant clusters of increased activation in the bilateral amygdala for youth with internalising disorders, and specifically for those with anxiety disorders. Significant increased activation extended into the dorsal anterior cingulate, entorhinal cortex, the putamen, and the medial and lateral globus pallidus in youth with anxiety disorders. These findings help to detail the nature of anxiety being an amygdala hyperactivity disorder, whilst also defining the distinction between neural activation patterns in anxiety and depression.