Gender Differences in Threat Biases: Trauma Type Matters in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Issue 5 (7th October 2019)
- Record Type:
- Journal Article
- Title:
- Gender Differences in Threat Biases: Trauma Type Matters in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Issue 5 (7th October 2019)
- Main Title:
- Gender Differences in Threat Biases: Trauma Type Matters in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
- Authors:
- Cowden Hindash, Alexandra H.
Lujan, Callan
Howard, Meghan
O'Donovan, Aoife
Richards, Anne
Neylan, Thomas C.
Inslicht, Sabra S. - Abstract:
- Abstract: Women are diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at twice the rate of men. This gender difference may be related to differences in PTSD experiences (e.g., more hypervigilance in women) or types of trauma experienced (e.g., interpersonal trauma). We examined whether attentional threat biases were associated with gender, PTSD diagnosis, and/or trauma type. Participants were 70 civilians and veterans (38 women, 32 men; 41 with PTSD, 29 without PTSD) assessed with the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM‐IV who completed a facial dot‐probe attention bias task and self‐report measures of psychiatric symptoms and trauma history. Factorial ANOVA and regression models examined associations between gender, PTSD diagnosis, index trauma type, lifetime traumatic experiences, and attentional threat biases. Results revealed that compared to women without PTSD and men both with and without PTSD, women with PTSD demonstrated attentional biases toward threatening facial expressions, d = 1.19, particularly fearful expressions, d = 0.74. Psychiatric symptoms or early/lifetime trauma did not account for these attentional biases. Biases were related to interpersonal assault index traumas, ηp 2 = .13, especially sexual assault, d = 1.19. Trauma type may be an important factor in the development of attentional threat biases, which theoretically interfere with trauma recovery. Women may be more likely to demonstrate attentional threat biases due to higher likelihood ofAbstract: Women are diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at twice the rate of men. This gender difference may be related to differences in PTSD experiences (e.g., more hypervigilance in women) or types of trauma experienced (e.g., interpersonal trauma). We examined whether attentional threat biases were associated with gender, PTSD diagnosis, and/or trauma type. Participants were 70 civilians and veterans (38 women, 32 men; 41 with PTSD, 29 without PTSD) assessed with the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM‐IV who completed a facial dot‐probe attention bias task and self‐report measures of psychiatric symptoms and trauma history. Factorial ANOVA and regression models examined associations between gender, PTSD diagnosis, index trauma type, lifetime traumatic experiences, and attentional threat biases. Results revealed that compared to women without PTSD and men both with and without PTSD, women with PTSD demonstrated attentional biases toward threatening facial expressions, d = 1.19, particularly fearful expressions, d = 0.74. Psychiatric symptoms or early/lifetime trauma did not account for these attentional biases. Biases were related to interpersonal assault index traumas, ηp 2 = .13, especially sexual assault, d = 1.19. Trauma type may be an important factor in the development of attentional threat biases, which theoretically interfere with trauma recovery. Women may be more likely to demonstrate attentional threat biases due to higher likelihood of interpersonal trauma victimization rather than due to gender‐specific psychobiological pathways. Future research is necessary to clarify if sexual assault alone or in combination with gender puts individuals at higher risk of developing PTSD. Resumen: Spanish Abstracts by Asociación Chilena de Estrés Traumático (ACET) Diferencias de género en los sesgos de amenaza: el tipo de trauma es importante en TEPT INFLUENCIA DE GÉNERO Y TIPO DE TRAUMA EN SESGOS DE AMENAZA Las mujeres diagnosticadas con trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) duplican la tasa de los hombres. Esta la diferencia de género puede estar relacionada con diferencias en las experiencias de TEPT (por ejemplo, más hipervigilancia en mujeres) o tipos de trauma experimentados (por ejemplo, trauma interpersonal). Examinamos si los sesgos atencionales de la amenaza se asociaron con el género, el diagnóstico de TEPT y/o el tipo de trauma. Los participantes fueron 70 civiles y veteranos (38 mujeres, 32 hombres; 41 con TEPT, 29 sin TEPT) evaluados con la Escala de TEPT Administrada por el Médico para DSM‐IV que se completó con una tarea de sesgo atencional con puntos faciales y medidas autoinformadas de síntomas psiquiátricos e historia de trauma. Por medio de una ANOVA factorial y modelos de regresión se examinaron las asociaciones entre género, diagnóstico de TEPT, tipo de trauma índice, experiencias traumáticas a lo largo de la vida y sesgos atencionales de la amenaza. Los resultados revelaron que, en comparación con las mujeres sin TEPT y los hombres con y sin TEPT, las mujeres con TEPT mostraron sesgos atencionales hacia expresiones faciales amenazantes, d = 1.19, especialmente expresiones de miedo, d = 0.74. Los síntomas psiquiátricos o experiencias tempranas de trauma en la vida no explicaron estos sesgos atencionales. Los sesgos se relacionaron con el índice de traumas por asalto interpersonal, ηp 2 = .13, especialmente agresión sexual, d = 1.19. El tipo de trauma puede ser un factor importante en el desarrollo de sesgos atencionales de la amenaza, que teóricamente interfieren con la recuperación del trauma. Las mujeres pueden ser más propensas a demostrar sesgos atencionales de las amenazas debido a una mayor probabilidad de victimización por trauma interpersonal más que debido a vías psicobiológicas específicas del género. La investigación futura es necesaria para aclarar si la agresión sexual sola o en combinación con el género pone a las personas en mayor riesgo de desarrollar TEPT. 抽象: Traditional and Simplified Chinese Abstracts by the Asian Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (AsianSTSS) 簡體及繁體中文撮要由亞洲創傷心理研究學會翻譯 Gender differences in threat biases: Trauma type matters in PTSD Traditional Chinese 標題: 面對威脅的偏誤的性別差異:PTSD患者的創傷類別的重要性 撮要: 女性被診斷出患創傷後壓力症(PTSD)的比率, 比男性高出兩倍。此等差異可能與PTSD經歷的差異 (如女性有較大的過度警覺) 有關, 又或是與創傷經歷的類別 (如人際創傷) 差異有關。我們檢視面對威脅的注意力偏誤是否跟性別、PTSD診斷、和/或創傷類別有關。樣本為70名平民與退役軍人 (38名女性, 32名男性;41人有PTSD, 29人無PTSD) ;他們均接受臨床治療師執行的DSM‐IV PTSD量表評估, 完成面部點探針作業, 並進行精神疾病症狀與創傷歷史的自評測量。因子變異數分析以及迴歸模型用以檢視性別、PTSD診斷、指標性創傷類別、終生的創傷經歷, 及面對威脅的注意力偏誤。結果反映, 與無PTSD的女性以及有和無PTSD的男性相比, 有PTSD的女性面對具威脅性的面部表情時, 展現注意力偏誤(d = 1.19), 特別是恐懼表情(d = 0.74)。精神疾病症狀或早期/終生的創傷並未能解釋這種注意力偏誤。偏誤跟人際襲擊的指標性創傷類別有關(ηp 2 = .13), 特別是性侵犯(d = 1.19)。創傷類別在面對威脅的注意力偏誤發展中可能屬重要因素, 理論上會阻礙創傷的痊癒。女性可能會因為有較大可能經歷人際創傷, 以非因性別特殊的心理生理路徑, 而有較大機會在面對威脅時展現注意力偏誤。未來須有研究去釐清, 性侵犯是否單獨或連同性別致使個人患PTSD的風險提升。 Simplified Chinese 标题: 面对威胁的偏误的性别差异:PTSD患者的创伤类别的重要性 撮要: 女性被诊断出患创伤后压力症(PTSD)的比率, 比男性高出两倍。此等差异可能与PTSD经历的差异 (如女性有较大的过度警觉) 有关, 又或是与创伤经历的类别 (如人际创伤) 差异有关。我们检视面对威胁的注意力偏误是否跟性别、PTSD诊断、和/或创伤类别有关。样本为70名平民与退役军人 (38名女性, 32名男性;41人有PTSD, 29人无PTSD) ;他们均接受临床治疗师执行的DSM‐IV PTSD量表评估, 完成面部点探针作业, 并进行精神疾病症状与创伤历史的自评测量。因子变异数分析以及回归模型用以检视性别、PTSD诊断、指标性创伤类别、终生的创伤经历, 及面对威胁的注意力偏误。结果反映, 与无PTSD的女性以及有和无PTSD的男性相比, 有PTSD的女性面对具威胁性的面部表情时, 展现注意力偏误(d = 1.19), 特别是恐惧表情(d = 0.74)。精神疾病症状或早期/终生的创伤并未能解释这种注意力偏误。偏误跟人际袭击的指标性创伤类别有关(ηp 2 = .13), 特别是性侵犯(d = 1.19)。创伤类别在面对威胁的注意力偏误发展中可能属重要因素, 理论上会阻碍创伤的痊愈。女性可能会因为有较大可能经历人际创伤, 以非因性别特殊的心理生理路径, 而有较大机会在面对威胁时展现注意力偏误。未来须有研究去厘清, 性侵犯是否单独或连同性别致使个人患PTSD的风险提升。 … (more)
- Is Part Of:
- Journal of traumatic stress. Volume 32:Issue 5(2019:Oct.)
- Journal:
- Journal of traumatic stress
- Issue:
- Volume 32:Issue 5(2019:Oct.)
- Issue Display:
- Volume 32, Issue 5 (2019)
- Year:
- 2019
- Volume:
- 32
- Issue:
- 5
- Issue Sort Value:
- 2019-0032-0005-0000
- Page Start:
- 701
- Page End:
- 711
- Publication Date:
- 2019-10-07
- Subjects:
- Post-traumatic stress disorder -- Periodicals
616.8521 - Journal URLs:
- http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ ↗
- DOI:
- 10.1002/jts.22439 ↗
- Languages:
- English
- ISSNs:
- 0894-9867
- Deposit Type:
- Legaldeposit
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- Available online (eLD content is only available in our Reading Rooms) ↗
- Physical Locations:
- British Library DSC - 5070.520000
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