3DEOR: an opportunity routing protocol using evidence theory appropriate for 3D urban environments in VANETs. Issue 22 (16th February 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Bozorgzadeh, Elham; Barati, Hamid; Barati, Ali
• Is Part Of: IET communications. Volume 14:Issue 22(2020)
• Page Start: 4022
• Page End: 4028
• Publication Date: 2021-02-16
• Subjects: information dissemination -- probability -- vehicular ad hoc networks -- routing protocols -- relay networks (telecommunication); opportunity routing protocol -- evidence theory -- urban environments -- vehicular ad hoc network -- VANET -- urban traffic -- information dissemination environment -- flat environments -- multilevel highways -- multilevel information environment -- radio channel dissemination -- packet routing protocol -- three‐dimensional opportunistic routing protocol -- PAL criterion -- packet delivery probability -- unreliable dissemination environments -- packet advancement -- actual dissemination environment -- 3DEOR protocol -- 3DLSGO -- 3DGPSR protocols -- network performance indices -- packet delivery rate -- end‐to‐end delay -- link connectivity -- relay set members; Telecommunication systems -- Periodicals; Speech processing systems -- Periodicals; 621.38205
• DOI: 10.1049/iet-com.2020.0473
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1751-8628

Abstract

Abstract : The vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a promising technology to improve the comfort and safety of passengers, roads and urban traffic. Applications applied to VANETs require efficient routing protocols. Urban environments include tunnels, subways, overpasses, and multilevel highways, which indicate the multilevel information environment and specific conditions of radio channel dissemination. In this paper proposed a three‐dimensional (3D) evidence theory based, opportunistic routing protocol, called 3DEOR, which address the above issues using a new hybrid criterion called PAL. The PAL criterion includes three metrics of packet delivery probability to compensate for unreliable dissemination environments, packet advancement appropriated to 3D environments to reduce the number of hop counts and level to improve link connectivity. Prioritise the relay set members based on the new criteria to select the best relay node. In cases where there is no certainty, the evidence theory can be a good choice for combining the three metrics of the PAL criterion. The simulation results show the superiority of the proposed protocol over the 3D link state aware geographic opportunistic (3DLSGO) and 3D greedy perimeter stateless routing (3DGPSR) protocols in network performance indices such as packet delivery rate, end‐to‐end delay and average hop count.