Clinical states model for biomarkers in bladder cancer. (September 2009)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Apolo, Andrea B; Milowsky, Matthew; Bajorin, Dean F
• Is Part Of: Future oncology. Volume 5:Number 7(2009)
• Page Start: 977
• Page End: 992
• Publication Date: 2009-09
• Subjects: biomarkers -- bladder cancer -- chemotherapy -- clinical management; Oncology -- Periodicals; 616.99405
• DOI: 10.2217/fon.09.57
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1479-6694

Abstract

Bladder cancer is a significant healthcare problem in the USA, with a high recurrence rate, the need for expensive continuous surveillance and limited treatment options for patients with advanced disease. Research has contributed to an understanding of the molecular pathways involved in the development and progression of bladder cancer, and that understanding has led to the discovery of potentially diagnostic, predictive and prognostic biomarkers. In this review, a clinical states model of bladder cancer is introduced and integrated into a paradigm for biomarker development. Biomarkers are systematically incorporated with predefined end points to aid in clinical management.