Clinical significance of HIV reverse-transcriptase inhibitor-resistance mutations. (March 2011)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Ibe, Shiro; Sugiura, Wataru
• Is Part Of: Future microbiology. Volume 6:Number 3(2011)
• Page Start: 295
• Page End: 315
• Publication Date: 2011-03
• Subjects: antiretroviral -- drug resistance -- HIV-1 -- HIV-2 -- inhibitor -- mutation -- reverse transcriptase -- review -- subtype; Microbiology -- Research -- Periodicals; 616.9041
• DOI: 10.2217/fmb.11.7
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1746-0913

Abstract

In this article, we summarize recent knowledge on drug-resistance mutations within HIV reverse transcriptase (RT). Several large-scale HIV-1 genotypic analyses have revealed that the most prevalent nucleos(t)ide analog RT inhibitor (NRTI)-resistance mutation is M184V/I followed by a series of thymidine analog-associated mutations: M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F and K219Q/E. Among non-nucleoside RT inhibitor (NNRTI)-resistance mutations, K103N was frequently observed, followed by Y181C and G190A. Interestingly, V106M was identified in HIV-1 subtype C as a subtype-specific multi-NNRTI-resistance mutation. Regarding mutations in the HIV-1 RT C-terminal region, including the connection subdomain and RNase H domain, their clinical impacts are still controversial, although their effects on NRTI and NNRTI resistance have been confirmed in vitro . In HIV-2 infections, the high prevalence of the Q151M mutation associated with multi-NRTI resistance has been frequently observed.