Gut microbiota of aquatic organisms: A key endpoint for ecotoxicological studies. (May 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Evariste, Lauris; Barret, Maialen; Mottier, Antoine; Mouchet, Florence; Gauthier, Laury; Pinelli, Eric
• Is Part Of: Environmental pollution. Volume 248(2019)
• Page Start: 989
• Page End: 999
• Publication Date: 2019-05
• Subjects: Microbiota -- Ecotoxicology -- Intestine -- 16S -- Aquatic environment -- Pollutants; Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Environmental aspects -- Periodicals; Environmental Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Périodiques; Pollution -- Aspect de l'environnement -- Périodiques; Pollution -- Effets physiologiques -- Périodiques; Pollution; Pollution -- Environmental aspects; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 363.73
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.101
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0269-7491

Abstract

Abstract: Gut microbial communities constitute a compartment of crucial importance in regulation of homeostasis of multiple host physiological functions as well as in resistance towards environmental pollutants. Many chemical contaminants were shown to constitute a major threat for gut bacteria. Changes in gut microbiome could lead to alteration of host health. The access to high-throughput sequencing platforms permitted a great expansion of this discipline in human health while data from ecotoxicological studies are scarce and particularly those related to aquatic pollution. The main purpose of this review is to summarize recent body of literature providing data obtained from microbial community surveys using high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing technology applied to aquatic ecotoxicity. Effects of pesticides, PCBs, PBDEs, heavy metals, nanoparticles, PPCPs, microplastics and endocrine disruptors on gut microbial communities are presented and discussed. We pointed out difficulties and limits provided by actual methodologies. We also proposed ways to improve understanding of links between changes in gut bacterial communities and host fitness loss, along with further applications for this emerging discipline. Graphical abstract: Image 1023 Highlights: Environmental pollution constitutes a major factor reshaping the gut microbiota. The interest is growing for gut microbiota surveys applied to aquatic ecotoxicology. Multiple environmental contaminants were shown to affect gut microbiota composition. Efforts is needed to perform routine analysis of gut microbiota in aquatic ecotoxicology. Functional changes in gut microbiota are poorly investigated in aquatic ecotoxicology. Abstract : Recent literature indicate that we need to improve our knowledge on the effects of aquatic pollution on gut bacterial communities and consequences in host physiology.