Differential lethal and sublethal effects in embryonic zebrafish exposed to different sizes of silver nanoparticles. (May 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Liu, Xiaobo; Dumitrescu, Eduard; Kumar, Ajeet; Austin, Daniel; Goia, Dan; Wallace, Kenneth N.; Andreescu, Silvana
• Is Part Of: Environmental pollution. Volume 248(2019)
• Page Start: 627
• Page End: 634
• Publication Date: 2019-05
• Subjects: Zebrafish embryos -- Silver nanoparticles -- Nitric oxide -- Dissolution -- Intestinal defects; Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Environmental aspects -- Periodicals; Environmental Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Périodiques; Pollution -- Aspect de l'environnement -- Périodiques; Pollution -- Effets physiologiques -- Périodiques; Pollution; Pollution -- Environmental aspects; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 363.73
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.085
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0269-7491

Abstract

Abstract: Various parameters can influence the toxic response to silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), including the size and surface properties, as well as the exposure environment and the biological site of action. Herein, we assess the intestinal toxicity of three different sizes (10, 40, and 100 nm) of Ag NPs in embryonic zebrafish, and describe the relationship between the properties and behavior of Ag NPs in the exposure medium, and induction of lethal and sublethal effects. We find that the composition of the medium and the size contribute to differential NPs agglomeration, release of Ag ions, and subsequent effects during exposure. The exposure medium causes dramatic reduction in silver dissolution due to the presence of salts and divalent cations, which limits the lethal potential of silver ions. Lethality is observed primarily for embryos exposed to medium sized Ag NPs (40 nm), but not to the supernatant originated from particles, which suggests that the exposure to particulate silver is the main cause of mortality. On the other hand, the exposure to 10 nm and 100 nm NPs, as well as Ag ions, only causes sublethal developmental defects in skeletal muscles and intestine, and induces a nitric oxide imbalance. Graphical abstract: Image 1 Highlights: Exposure medium composition influences nanosilver toxicity. Medium-sized silver nanoparticles are more lethal to zebrafish embryos. In presence of salts, lethality is due primarily to particulate silver. Exposure to soluble silver is associated with sublethal effects. Sublethal exposure induces defects and nitrosative stress in the intestine. Abstract : This study brings new insights to the mechanism of Ag NPs toxicity regarding the physical and experimental factors that cause lethal and sublethal effects during exposure.