Fisheries management influences phytoplankton biomass of Amazonian floodplain lakes. Issue 4 (28th October 2020)
- Record Type:
- Journal Article
- Title:
- Fisheries management influences phytoplankton biomass of Amazonian floodplain lakes. Issue 4 (28th October 2020)
- Main Title:
- Fisheries management influences phytoplankton biomass of Amazonian floodplain lakes
- Authors:
- Campos‐Silva, João Vitor
Peres, Carlos A.
Amaral, João Henrique Fernandes
Sarmento, Hugo
Forsberg, Bruce
Fonseca, Carlos Roberto - Editors:
- Vamosi, Steven
- Abstract:
- Abstract: Tropical floodplains secure the protein supply of millions of people, but only sound management can ensure the long‐term continuity of such ecosystem services. Overfishing is a widespread threat to multitrophic systems, but how it affects ecosystem functioning is poorly understood, particularly in tropical freshwater food webs. Models based on temperate lakes frequently assume that primary producers are mostly bottom‐up controlled by nutrient and light limitations, with negligible effects of top‐down forces. Yet this assumption remains untested in complex tropical freshwater systems experiencing marked spatiotemporal variation. We use consolidated community‐based fisheries management practices and spatial zoning to test the relative importance of bottom‐up versus top‐down drivers of phytoplankton biomass, controlling for the influence of local to landscape heterogeneity. Our study focuses on 58 large Amazonian floodplain lakes under different management regimes that resulted in a gradient of apex‐predator abundance. These lakes, distributed along ~600 km of a major tributary of the Amazon River, varied widely in size, structure, landscape context, and hydrological seasonality. Using generalised linear models, we show that community‐based fisheries management, which controls the density of apex predators, is the strongest predictor of phytoplankton biomass during the dry season, when lakes become discrete landscape units. Water transparency also emerges as anAbstract: Tropical floodplains secure the protein supply of millions of people, but only sound management can ensure the long‐term continuity of such ecosystem services. Overfishing is a widespread threat to multitrophic systems, but how it affects ecosystem functioning is poorly understood, particularly in tropical freshwater food webs. Models based on temperate lakes frequently assume that primary producers are mostly bottom‐up controlled by nutrient and light limitations, with negligible effects of top‐down forces. Yet this assumption remains untested in complex tropical freshwater systems experiencing marked spatiotemporal variation. We use consolidated community‐based fisheries management practices and spatial zoning to test the relative importance of bottom‐up versus top‐down drivers of phytoplankton biomass, controlling for the influence of local to landscape heterogeneity. Our study focuses on 58 large Amazonian floodplain lakes under different management regimes that resulted in a gradient of apex‐predator abundance. These lakes, distributed along ~600 km of a major tributary of the Amazon River, varied widely in size, structure, landscape context, and hydrological seasonality. Using generalised linear models, we show that community‐based fisheries management, which controls the density of apex predators, is the strongest predictor of phytoplankton biomass during the dry season, when lakes become discrete landscape units. Water transparency also emerges as an important bottom‐up factor, but phosphorus, nitrogen and several lake and landscape metrics had minor or no effects on phytoplankton biomass. During the wet‐season food pulse, when lakes become connected to adjacent water bodies and homogenise the landscape, only lake depth explained phytoplankton biomass. Synthesis and applications . Tropical freshwaters fisheries typically assume that fish biomass is controlled by bottom‐up mechanisms, so that overexploitation of large predators would not affect overall ecosystem productivity. Our results, however, show that top‐down forces are important drivers of primary productivity in tropical lakes, above and beyond the effects of bottom‐up factors. This helps us to understand the enormous success of community‐based 'fishing agreements' in the Amazon. Multiple stakeholders should embrace socio‐ecological management practices that shape both bottom‐up and top‐down forces to ensure biodiversity protection, sustainable fisheries yields and food security for local communities and regional economies. Abstract : Tropical freshwaters fisheries typically assume that fish biomass is controlled by bottom‐up mechanisms, so that overexploitation of large predators would not affect overall ecosystem productivity. Our results, however, show that top‐down forces are important drivers of primary productivity in tropical lakes, above and beyond the effects of bottom‐up factors. This helps us to understand the enormous success of community‐based 'fishing agreements' in the Amazon. Multiple stakeholders should embrace socio‐ecological management practices that shape both bottom‐up and top‐down forces to ensure biodiversity protection, sustainable fisheries yields and food security for local communities and regional economies. Resumo: Ambientes aquáticos tropicais garantem o suprimento proteico de milhões de pessoas, mas somente um manejo adequado pode garantir a continuidade de longo prazo de tais serviços ecossistêmicos. A sobrepesca é uma ameaça generalizada nesses sistemas aquáticos tropicais, mas seus impactos ainda são mal compreendidos, particularmente em teias alimentares complexas como as que existem nos ambientes de várzea na Amazônia. Os modelos baseados em lagos temperados freqüentemente assumem que os produtores primários são, em sua maioria, controlados de form ascendente (bottom‐up) por limitações de nutrientes e luz, com efeitos insignificantes das forças descendentes (top‐down). No entanto, essa hipótese permanece pouco abordada em ambientes tropicais complexos. Aproveitando o zoneamento espacial eficiente do manejo comunitário do pirarucu (Arapaima sp) na Amazônia testamos a importância relativa dos fatores ascendentes e descendentes da biomassa fitoplanctônica, controlando a influência das variáveis locais e heterogeneidade paisagística. Nosso estudo se concentra em 58 lagos de várzea amazônica sob diferentes regimes de manejo que resultaram em um gradiente de abundância de predadores de topo. Esses lagos, distribuídos ao longo de aproximadamente 600 km de um importante afluente do Rio Amazonas, variam amplamente em tamanho, estrutura, contexto paisagístico e sazonalidade hidrológica. Usando modelos lineares generalizados, mostramos que o manejo comunitário da pesca, que controla a densidade de predadores de topo, é o preditor mais forte da biomassa fitoplanctônica durante a estação seca, quando os lagos se tornam unidades discretas da paisagem. A transparência da água também surge como um importante fator de baixo para cima, mas o fósforo, o nitrogênio e várias métricas de lago e paisagem tiveram efeitos mínimos ou nenhum efeito sobre a biomassa do fitoplâncton. Durante a estação chuvosa, quando os lagos se conectam a corpos d'água adjacentes e homogeneizam a paisagem, apenas a profundidade do lago explica a biomassa do fitoplâncton. Síntese e aplicações . As pescarias tropicais de água doce normalmente assumem que a biomassa dos peixes é controlada por mecanismos ascendentes, de modo que a exploração excessiva de grandes predadores não afetaria a produtividade geral do ecossistema. Nossos resultados, no entanto, mostram que as forças descendentes (top‐down) são importantes motores da produtividade primária em lagos tropicais, além dos efeitos dos fatores ascendentes (bottom‐up). Isso nos ajuda a entender o sucesso dos 'acordos de pesca' que garantem o zoneamento espacial do manejo do pirarucu na Amazônia. Tomadores de decisão devem adotar esse zoneamento espacial para garantir a proteção da biodiversidade, a segurança alimentar das comunidades locais e a produção sustentável de pescados que movimenta economias regionais. … (more)
- Is Part Of:
- Journal of applied ecology. Volume 58:Issue 4(2021)
- Journal:
- Journal of applied ecology
- Issue:
- Volume 58:Issue 4(2021)
- Issue Display:
- Volume 58, Issue 4 (2021)
- Year:
- 2021
- Volume:
- 58
- Issue:
- 4
- Issue Sort Value:
- 2021-0058-0004-0000
- Page Start:
- 731
- Page End:
- 743
- Publication Date:
- 2020-10-28
- Subjects:
- community‐based management -- flood pulse -- food security -- freshwater ecosystem -- lake ecology -- limnology -- primary production -- trophic cascade
Agriculture -- Periodicals
Biology, Economic -- Periodicals
Agricultural ecology -- Periodicals
Applied ecology -- Periodicals
577 - Journal URLs:
- http://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/hub/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2664/ ↗
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ ↗
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/member/institutions/issuelist.asp?journal=jpe ↗ - DOI:
- 10.1111/1365-2664.13763 ↗
- Languages:
- English
- ISSNs:
- 0021-8901
- Deposit Type:
- Legaldeposit
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- Available online (eLD content is only available in our Reading Rooms) ↗
- Physical Locations:
- British Library DSC - 4942.500000
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- 16347.xml