Zinc-α2-glycoprotein as an inhibitor of amine oxidase copper-containing 3. Issue 4 (22nd April 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Romauch, Matthias
• Is Part Of: Open biology. Volume 10:Issue 4(2020)
• Publication Date: 2020-04-22
• Subjects: ZAG -- AOC3 -- protein–protein interaction -- cachexia -- glycosylation; Biology -- Periodicals; 570
• DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190035
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2046-2441

Abstract

Abstract : Abstract : Zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG) is a major plasma protein whose levels increase in chronic energy-demanding diseases and thus serves as an important clinical biomarker in the diagnosis and prognosis of the development of cachexia. Current knowledge suggests that ZAG mediates progressive weight loss through β-adrenergic signalling in adipocytes, resulting in the activation of lipolysis and fat mobilization. Here, through cross-linking experiments, amine oxidase copper-containing 3 (AOC3) is identified as a novel ZAG binding partner. AOC3—also known as vascular adhesion protein 1 (VAP-1) and semicarbazide sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO)—deaminates primary amines, thereby generating the corresponding aldehyde, H2 O2 and NH3 . It is an ectoenzyme largely expressed by adipocytes and induced in endothelial cells during inflammation. Extravasation of immune cells depends on amine oxidase activity and AOC3-derived H2 O2 has an insulinogenic effect. The observations described here suggest that ZAG acts as an allosteric inhibitor of AOC3 and interferes with the associated pro-inflammatory and anti-lipolytic functions. Thus, inhibition of the deamination of lipolytic hormone octopamine by AOC3 represents a novel mechanism by which ZAG might stimulate lipolysis. Furthermore, experiments involving overexpression of recombinant ZAG reveal that its glycosylation is co-regulated by oxygen availability and that the pattern of glycosylation affects its inhibitory potential. The newly identified protein interaction between AOC3 and ZAG highlights a previously unknown functional relationship, which may be relevant to inflammation, energy metabolism and the development of cachexia.