Self-powered reduced-dimensionality perovskite photodiodes with controlled crystalline phase and improved stability. (March 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Lim, Ju Won; Wang, Huan; Choi, Chi Hun; Kwon, Hannah; Quan, Li Na; Park, Won-Tae; Noh, Yong-Young; Kim, Dong Ha
• Is Part Of: Nano energy. Volume 57(2019)
• Page Start: 761
• Page End: 770
• Publication Date: 2019-03
• Subjects: Reduced-dimensionality perovskites -- Perovskite photodiodes -- Crystalline phase control -- Low dark current -- High detectivity; Nanoscience -- Periodicals; Nanotechnology -- Periodicals; Nanostructured materials -- Periodicals; Power resources -- Technological innovations -- Periodicals; Nanoscience; Nanostructured materials; Nanotechnology; Power resources -- Technological innovations; Periodicals; 621.042
• DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.12.068
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2211-2855

Abstract

Abstract: In this work, we developed the perovskite photodiodes based on the dimensionality-reduced quasi two-dimensional (Q-2D) photoactive layer structure by incorporating phenylethylammonium iodide (PEAI) into methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3 ), which effectively enhanced both the crystalline phase and the ambient stability of the perovskite. The Q-2D perovskite photodiode exhibited a dark current of 1.76 × 10 −7 A/cm 2, resulting in the detectivity (D*) of 2.20 × 10 12 J and responsivity of 0.53 A/W, which is among the highest performance levels without the voltage bias (0 V) due to the systematically optimized perovskite phase resulting in the reduced leakage current. In addition, the current density of Q-2D perovskite photodiode maintained 76% of the initial level current density even after 80 days in the ambient condition, compared to 15% of 3D perovskite photodiode control sample. Such superior performance and stability were mainly attributed to the enhanced degree of crystallization of the Q-2D perovskites, which was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) measurement. Also, the improved stability of Q-2D perovskite films was confirmed by both lifetime test and atomic force microscopy studies where the negligible number of pinholes was observed in the quasi-2D perovskite films while considerable deformations were found in the 3D perovskites photodiode. Our study suggests a simple and robust protocol for the development of stable and high-performance perovskite photodetectors via dimensional and constitutional optimization of conventional perovskites for the practical usage of perovskite in the photodiode applications. Graphical abstract: Dimensionality-controlled perovskite photodiodes with improved stability were systematically fabricated while retaining the comparable electrical performance of conventional three-dimensional perovskites. The quasi-2D perovskite photodetector exhibited an improved detectivity of 2.20 × 10 12 J performance and maintained 76% of initial level while the performance of three-dimensional perovskite photodetector remained only 15% after 80 days. Our study suggests a facile solution for the poor stability of the three-dimensional perovskite, with a potential for the development of highly-stable perovskite optoelectronics. fx1 Highlights: The Q-2D perovskite photodiode exhibited the D* of 2.20 × 10 12 J and R of 0.53 A/W without the voltage bias (0 V). The current density of Q-2D perovskite photodiode maintained 76 % of the initial level while 15 % for the 3D one. Grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) analysis revealed the origin of the stability improvement. Quasi-2D perovskite materials can be promising candidates for stable, tunable and flexible optoelectronic applications.