Early access to clozapine in Early Intervention in Psychosis: Hope vs reality. A mixed method service analysis. Issue 1 (13th April 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Nikolić, Nikola; Hill, Katherine; Campbell, Emogen; Wickramasinghe, Vijitha; Whale, Richard
• Is Part Of: Early intervention in psychiatry. Volume 15:Issue 1(2021)
• Page Start: 193
• Page End: 200
• Publication Date: 2020-04-13
• Subjects: clozapine -- early intervention in psychosis -- first episode psychosis -- treatment‐resistant schizophrenia; Mental health -- Periodicals; Psychiatry -- Periodicals; Psychiatry -- Research -- Periodicals; Mental illness -- Prevention -- Research -- Periodicals; Mental illness -- Treatment -- Research -- Periodicals; 616.89
• DOI: 10.1111/eip.12962
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1751-7885

Abstract

Abstract: Aim: Improving access to clozapine is a recognized priority nationally across Early Intervention in Psychosis Services (EIPS) in the UK. Treatment resistance (TR) may be identifiable from early episode psychosis and appears to be characterized by negative symptoms and younger age of onset. This mixed method cross‐sectional snapshot analysis of antipsychotic (AP) prescribing in an EIPS, explored clozapine eligibility (CE) and prioritization of AP prescribing based on choice, selectivity and appropriateness. Method: We screened 150 service users and 79% (n = 119) were retained after inclusion criteria were applied. We explored CE in all service users who were indicated clozapine based on the product licence (n = 78), and whether there was association between CE and number of hospital admissions, AP trials, age at first episode and duration of untreated psychosis. Results: Following multidisciplinary clinical discussions, we found that 23 service users were CE; 8 were offered and declined clozapine. When compared to non‐CE service users, significant factors associated with CE were history of two or more hospital admissions (Mann‐Whitney U = 269, P = .008), more than two trials of two different APs (Mann‐Whitney U = 517, P ≤ .01), and younger age first episode (independent‐samples t ‐test, P = .047). A total of 47.5% of all service users had been started on olanzapine as their first AP, despite high risk of cardiometabolic syndrome. Conclusion: We propose that EIP services adopt a proactive approach in screening for TR, taking into account negative symptoms and young age at onset, prioritizing service users with two or more hospital admissions and AP trials.