An Optimal Frequency in Ca2+ Oscillations for Stomatal Closure Is an Emergent Property of Ion Transport in Guard Cells. Issue 1 (1st December 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Minguet-Parramona, Carla; Wang, Yizhou; Hills, Adrian; Vialet-Chabrand, Silvere; Griffiths, Howard; Rogers, Simon; Lawson, Tracy; Lew, Virgilio L.; Blatt, Michael R.
• Is Part Of: Plant physiology. Volume 170:Issue 1(2016)
• Page Start: 33
• Page End: 42
• Publication Date: 2015-12-01
• Subjects: Plant physiology -- Periodicals; Botany -- Periodicals; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 571.2
• DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01607
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0032-0889

Abstract

Abstract : Rapid closure of stomata occurs at an optimum frequency in Ca 2+ and voltage oscillations, but this optimum emerges in simulations as a by-product of the transport that drives closure rather than as a signal that regulates it. Abstract: Oscillations in cytosolic-free Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ]i ) have been proposed to encode information that controls stomatal closure. [Ca 2+ ]i oscillations with a period near 10 min were previously shown to be optimal for stomatal closure in Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ), but the studies offered no insight into their origins or mechanisms of encoding to validate a role in signaling. We have used a proven systems modeling platform to investigate these [Ca 2+ ]i oscillations and analyze their origins in guard cell homeostasis and membrane transport. The model faithfully reproduced differences in stomatal closure as a function of oscillation frequency with an optimum period near 10 min under standard conditions. Analysis showed that this optimum was one of a range of frequencies that accelerated closure, each arising from a balance of transport and the prevailing ion gradients across the plasma membrane and tonoplast. These interactions emerge from the experimentally derived kinetics encoded in the model for each of the relevant transporters, without the need of any additional signaling component. The resulting frequencies are of sufficient duration to permit substantial changes in [Ca 2+ ]i and, with the accompanying oscillations in voltage, drive the K + and anion efflux for stomatal closure. Thus, the frequency optima arise from emergent interactions of transport across the membrane system of the guard cell. Rather than encoding information for ion flux, these oscillations are a by-product of the transport activities that determine stomatal aperture.