Non-specific orbital inflammation: Current understanding and unmet needs. (March 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Lee, Min Joung; Planck, Stephen R.; Choi, Dongseok; Harrington, Christina A.; Wilson, David J.; Dailey, Roger A.; Ng, John D.; Steele, Eric A.; Hamilton, Bronwyn E.; Khwarg, Sang In; Rosenbaum, James T.
• Is Part Of: Progress in retinal and eye research. Volume 81(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-03
• Subjects: Nonspecific orbital inflammation -- Granulomatosis with polyangiitis -- IgG4-related ophthalmic diseases -- Gene-expression profiling -- Thyroid eye disease -- Orbital sarcoidosis; Retina -- Periodicals; Retina -- Research -- Methodology -- Periodicals; Eye -- Diseases -- Periodicals; Eye -- Periodicals; Eye Diseases -- Periodicals; Retina -- Periodicals; Rétine -- Périodiques; Rétine -- Recherche -- Méthodologie -- Périodiques; 617.7005
• DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100885
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1350-9462

Abstract

Abstract: Non-specific orbital inflammation (NSOI) is a noninfectious inflammatory condition of the orbit. Although it is generally considered the most common diagnosis derived from an orbital biopsy, it is a diagnosis of exclusion, meaning that the diagnosis requires exclusion of a systemic process or another identifiable etiology of orbital inflammation. The clinical diagnosis of NSOI is ill-defined, but it is typically characterized by acute orbital signs and symptoms, including pain, proptosis, periorbital edema, chemosis, diplopia, and less commonly visual disturbance. NSOI poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge: The clinical presentations and histological findings are heterogeneous, and there are no specific diagnostic criteria or treatment guidelines. The etiology and pathogenesis of NSOI are poorly understood. Here we recapitulate our current clinical understanding of NSOI, with an emphasis on the most recent findings on clinical characteristics, imaging findings, and treatment outcomes. Furthermore, gene expression profiling of NSOI and its implications are presented and discussed.