Lipid metabolism in astrocytic structure and function. (April 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Lee, James AK; Hall, Benjamin; Allsop, Jessica; Alqarni, Razan; Allen, Scott P.
• Is Part Of: Seminars in cell & developmental biology. Volume 112(2021)
• Page Start: 123
• Page End: 136
• Publication Date: 2021-04
• Subjects: 2-AG 2-arachidonoylglycerol -- ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis -- BBB blood brain barrier -- CBD cannabidiol -- CBR cannabinoid receptor -- CCCL CC-Chemokine Ligand -- CNS central nervous system -- CXCL CXC-Chemokine Ligand -- DAG diacylglycerol -- DGK diacylglycerol kinase -- DHA docosahexaenoic acid -- ECB endocannabinoid -- ER endoplasmic reticulum -- FABP fatty acid binding protein -- FAO fatty acid oxidation -- Glp 1 glucagon-like peptide-1 -- GLT1 glutamate transporter 1 -- GLAST glutamate-aspartate transporter -- GLUT1 glucose transporter 1 -- HO1 Haem oxygenase 1 -- HFD high fat diet -- IL-1β Interleukin-1β -- IL-10 Interleukin-10 -- LDH Lactate Dehydrogenase -- LD(s) Lipid droplet(s) -- LPL Lipoprotein lipase -- LTP long term potentiation -- LPA lysophosphatidic acid -- Nrf2 nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 -- OEA oleoylethanolamide -- PD Parkinson's disease -- PA phosphatidic acid -- PEBP1 phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein -- PLD phospholipase D -- PUFA's polyunsaturated fatty acids -- PPAR-α proliferator-activated receptor -- MCT1 monocarboxylate transporter 1 -- PKA protein kinase A -- NMDA N-methyl-D-aspartate -- DHCR24 seladin-13β-Hydroxysteroid-Δ24 reductase -- t-LTD spike timing-dependent long term depression -- SREBP2 Sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 -- THC tetrahydrocannabinol -- TLR4 Toll Like Receptor 4 -- TGF-β1 transforming growth factor β1 -- TNF-α Tumour Necrosis Factor-α; Astrocytes -- Lipids -- Neurodegeneration -- Metabolism -- Neurons -- Crosstalk; Cytology -- Periodicals; Developmental biology -- Periodicals; 571.6
• DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.07.017
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1084-9521

Abstract

Abstract: Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cell in the central nervous system and are involved in multiple processes including metabolic homeostasis, blood brain barrier regulation and neuronal crosstalk. Astrocytes are the main storage point of glycogen in the brain and it is well established that astrocyte uptake of glutamate and release of lactate prevents neuronal excitability and supports neuronal metabolic function. However, the role of lipid metabolism in astrocytes in relation to neuronal support has been until recently, unclear. Lipids play a fundamental role in astrocyte function, including energy generation, membrane fluidity and cell to cell signaling. There is now emerging evidence that astrocyte storage of lipids in droplets has a crucial physiological and protective role in the central nervous system. This pathway links β-oxidation in astrocytes to inflammation, signalling, oxidative stress and mitochondrial energy generation in neurons. Disruption in lipid metabolism, structure and signalling in astrocytes can lead to pathogenic mechanisms associated with a range of neurological disorders.