Pathophysiology and pharmacological management of pulmonary and cardiovascular features of COVID-19. (April 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Hamouche, Walid; Bisserier, Malik; Brojakowska, Agnieszka; Eskandari, Abrisham; Fish, Kenneth; Goukassian, David A.; Hadri, Lahouaria
• Is Part Of: Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology. Volume 153(2021)
• Page Start: 72
• Page End: 85
• Publication Date: 2021-04
• Subjects: Physiopathology -- COVID-19 -- Clinical features -- Treatment; AC Anticoagulation -- ACE2 Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 -- AngI Angiotensin I -- ARB AngII-type I receptor blockers -- ARDS Acute respiratory distress syndrome -- AT1R angiotensin II type 1 receptor -- BNP B-type natriuretic peptide -- CMRI Cardiovascular magnetic resonance -- COVID-19 Coronavirus disease 2019 -- CRP C-reactive protein -- CT Computed tomography -- CTD C-terminal domain -- DENV Dengue virus -- DIC Disseminated intravascular coagulation -- DPP4 Dipeptidyl peptidase IV -- EC Endothelial cells -- ECG Electrocardiogram -- ECMO Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation -- FDA Food and drug administration -- GGO Ground-glass opacities -- HIV Human immunodeficiency virus infection -- HCoV Human coronavirus -- ICU Intensive care Unit -- IFN Interferon -- IgG Immunoglobulin G -- IL Interleukin -- JAK2 Janus kinase 2 -- JEV Japanese encephalitis virus -- LV Left ventricle -- LVEF Left ventricular ejection fraction -- MERS-CoV Middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus -- MRA Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists -- MRI Magnetic resonance imaging -- NTD N-terminal domain -- PAR-1 Proteinase-activated receptor 1 -- PE Pulmonary embolism -- PEEP Positive end-expiratory pressure -- PKC Protein kinase C -- RAS Renin-angiotensin system -- RBD Receptor-binding domain -- RBM Receptor-binding motif -- RDV Remdesivir -- RV Right ventricle -- SARS-CoV Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus -- SARS-CoV-2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 -- S-protein Spike protein -- STAT3 Signal transducer and activators of transcription 3 -- STEMI ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction -- TMPRSS2 Transmembrane serine protease 2 -- TNF Tumor necrosis factor -- TTC Takotsubo cardiomyopathy -- TTE Transthoracic echocardiography -- vWF Von Willebrand factor -- WHO World Health Organization; Cardiology -- Periodicals; Heart Diseases -- Periodicals; Molecular Biology -- Periodicals; Cardiologie -- Périodiques; Cardiology; Electronic journals; Periodicals; 616.12
• DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.12.009
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0022-2828

Abstract

Abstract: The first confirmed case of novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States was reported on January 20, 2020. As of November 24, 2020, close to 12.2 million cases of COVID-19 was confirmed in the US, with over 255, 958 deaths. The rapid transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), its unusual and divergent presentation has strengthened the status of COVID-19 as a major public health threat. In this review, we aim to 1- discuss the epidemiological data from various COVID-19 patient cohorts around the world and the USA as well the associated risk factors; 2- summarize the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the underlying molecular mechanisms for the respiratory and cardiovascular manifestations; 3- highlight the potential treatments and vaccines as well as current clinical trials for COVID-19. Graphical abstract: Unlabelled Image Highlights: COVID-19 represents a great threat to people's health worldwide with a high transmission rate and socioeconomic impacts. Respiratory and cardiovascular conditions showed higher risks of complications and mortality of COVID-19 patients Efficacy and safety of investigational drugs and other potential treatments for COVID-19.