Bifunctional mechanisms of autophagy and apoptosis regulations in melanoma from Bacillus subtilis natto fermentation extract. (April 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Chou, Hsin-Yu; Liu, Li-Heng; Chen, Chung-Yi; Lin, I-Fan; Ali, Daoud; Yueh-Luen Lee, Alan; David Wang, Hui-Min
• Is Part Of: Food and chemical toxicology. Volume 150(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-04
• Subjects: Bacillus subtilis natto Extract -- Melanoma -- Oxidative stress -- Autophagy -- Apoptosis; Toxicology -- Periodicals; Food poisoning -- Periodicals; Food Poisoning -- Periodicals; Toxicology -- Periodicals; Toxicologie -- Périodiques; Intoxications alimentaires -- Périodiques; Food poisoning; Toxicology; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 615.9
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112020
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0278-6915

Abstract

Abstract: Melanoma is one of the most dangerous malignant epidermal cancers. Natto freeze-drying extract (NFDE) and natto water extract (NWE) were isolated from natto, soybeans fermented by Bacillus subtilis natto, which were assessed as potential anti-melanoma agents. Cell cytotoxicity assays revealed significant anti-melanoma effects of NFDE and NWE in a dose-dependent manner, and exhibited low influences on normal skin cells, including Hs68, HaCaT and adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs), respectively. Through a flow cytometer assay and autophagy acridine orange staining, the cellular death phenomenon shifted from autophagy to apoptosis with the increased dosages. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were enhanced using DCFDA (2, 7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate) staining when melanoma cells were treated with the extract. NFDE and NWE treatments increase the oxidative stress of cancer cells and cause apoptosis by inhibiting AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). NFDE and NWE were considered to play a critical role in cell death through ROS adjustment, autophagy regulation and apoptosis promotion.