Reprogramming the Tumor Microenvironment through Second‐Near‐Infrared‐Window Photothermal Genome Editing of PD‐L1 Mediated by Supramolecular Gold Nanorods for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy. Issue 12 (4th February 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Tang, Honglin; Xu, Xiaojie; Chen, Yuxuan; Xin, Huhu; Wan, Tao; Li, Bowen; Pan, Hongming; Li, Da; Ping, Yuan
• Is Part Of: Advanced materials. Volume 33:Issue 12(2021)
• Page Start: n/a
• Page End: n/a
• Publication Date: 2021-02-04
• Subjects: CRISPR/Cas9 -- gene delivery -- immune checkpoint blockade -- immunogenic cell death -- nanomedicine; Materials -- Periodicals; Chemical vapor deposition -- Periodicals; 620.11
• DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006003
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0935-9648

Abstract

Abstract: A photothermal genome‐editing strategy is described to improve immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy by CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated disruption of PD‐L1 and mild‐hyperthermia‐induced activation of immunogenic cell death (ICD). This strategy relies on a supramolecular cationic gold nanorod that not only serves as a carrier to deliver CRISPR/Cas9 targeting PD‐L1, but also harvests the second near‐infrared‐window (NIR‐II) light and converts into mild hyperthermia to induce both ICD and gene expression of Cas9. The genomic disruption of PD‐L1 significantly augments ICB therapy by improving the conversion of dendritic cells to T cells, followed by promoting the infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes into tumors, thereby reprogramming immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment into immunoactive one. Such a therapeutic modality greatly inhibits the activity of primary and metastatic tumors and exhibits long‐term immune memory effects against both rechallenged and recurrent tumors. The current therapeutic strategy for synergistic PD‐L1 disruption and ICD activation represents an appealing way for cancer immunotherapy. Abstract : A photothermal genome‐editing strategy mediated by supramolecular gold nanorods is demonstrated to be effective for the disruption of PD‐L1 of tumor cells, which can simultaneously induce the activation of T cells through immunogenic cell death. Therefore, the genomic disruption of PD‐L1 greatly enables activated T cells to recognize and attack tumor cells under the reprogrammed immunoactive tumor microenvironment.