Demographic consequences of habitat loss and crowding in large carnivores: A natural experiment. (14th September 2020)
- Record Type:
- Journal Article
- Title:
- Demographic consequences of habitat loss and crowding in large carnivores: A natural experiment. (14th September 2020)
- Main Title:
- Demographic consequences of habitat loss and crowding in large carnivores: A natural experiment
- Authors:
- Kotze, Robynne
Marshal, Jason P.
Winterbach, Christiaan W.
Winterbach, Hanlie E.K.
Keith, Mark - Abstract:
- Abstract: Habitat loss is one of largest threats to the persistence of large carnivore populations. However, because most large carnivores are long‐lived, cryptic and wide‐ranging, few studies examine the demographic consequences of habitat loss, and the resultant crowding that ensues, on these species. We used long‐term data to examine the demographic responses of an African lion ( Panthera leo ) population to flooding‐induced habitat loss in a seasonal wetland, the Okavango Delta, during a transition from low to high annual flooding patterns. We found that intraspecific competition reduced cub survival and that this effect was exacerbated by habitat loss and consequent crowding. The proportion of cubs recorded in the population also declined as crowding increased, and both the survival of cubs and proportion of cubs recorded declined as prey abundance decreased. Apparent sub‐adult survival declined with increasing pride size, but this likely reflects emigration rather than mortality. Adult survival remained relatively constant throughout the study period, a population response which is important in buffering populations against short‐term fluctuations in ecological conditions. As many large carnivore populations face future habitat loss, it is important that we understand the demographic consequences of habitat loss in order to better mitigate its effects in the future. Résumé: La perte d'habitat est l'une des plus grandes menaces pour la conservation des grandesAbstract: Habitat loss is one of largest threats to the persistence of large carnivore populations. However, because most large carnivores are long‐lived, cryptic and wide‐ranging, few studies examine the demographic consequences of habitat loss, and the resultant crowding that ensues, on these species. We used long‐term data to examine the demographic responses of an African lion ( Panthera leo ) population to flooding‐induced habitat loss in a seasonal wetland, the Okavango Delta, during a transition from low to high annual flooding patterns. We found that intraspecific competition reduced cub survival and that this effect was exacerbated by habitat loss and consequent crowding. The proportion of cubs recorded in the population also declined as crowding increased, and both the survival of cubs and proportion of cubs recorded declined as prey abundance decreased. Apparent sub‐adult survival declined with increasing pride size, but this likely reflects emigration rather than mortality. Adult survival remained relatively constant throughout the study period, a population response which is important in buffering populations against short‐term fluctuations in ecological conditions. As many large carnivore populations face future habitat loss, it is important that we understand the demographic consequences of habitat loss in order to better mitigate its effects in the future. Résumé: La perte d'habitat est l'une des plus grandes menaces pour la conservation des grandes populations de carnivores. Cependant, étant donné que la plupart des grands carnivores ont une longue durée de vie et font partie d'espèces cryptiques et très variées, peu d'études examinent les conséquences démographiques de la perte d'habitat et du surpeuplement qui en résulte sur ces mêmes espèces. Nous avons utilisé des données à long terme pour examiner les réactions démographiques d'une population de lions d'Afrique ( Panthera leo ) face à la perte d'habitat provoquée par les inondations dans une zone humide saisonnière, le delta de l'Okavango, lors d'une transition entre des régimes annuels de crues faibles à élevés. Nous avons constaté que la concurrence intraspécifique réduisait la survie des lionceaux et que cet effet était exacerbé par la perte d'habitat et le surpeuplement qui en résultait. La proportion de lionceaux enregistrée au sein de la population diminuait également à mesure que le surpeuplement augmentait, et le taux de survie ainsi que la proportion de ces derniers chutaient à mesure que l'abondance des proies diminuait. La survie apparente des jeunes adultes diminuait au fur et à mesure que la taille du groupe augmentait, mais il est probable que cela s'explique par l'émigration plutôt que par la mortalité. La survie des adultes est restée relativement constante tout au long de la période d'étude. Il s'agit là d'une réaction importante des populations dans le cadre de la protection de ces dernières contre les fluctuations des conditions écologiques à court terme. Étant donné que de nombreuses populations importantes de carnivores devront faire face à une perte d'habitat dans l'avenir, il est important que nous comprenions les conséquences démographiques de la perte d'habitat afin de mieux atténuer ses effets à terme. … (more)
- Is Part Of:
- African journal of ecology. Volume 59:Number 1(2021)
- Journal:
- African journal of ecology
- Issue:
- Volume 59:Number 1(2021)
- Issue Display:
- Volume 59, Issue 1 (2021)
- Year:
- 2021
- Volume:
- 59
- Issue:
- 1
- Issue Sort Value:
- 2021-0059-0001-0000
- Page Start:
- 63
- Page End:
- 73
- Publication Date:
- 2020-09-14
- Subjects:
- demographics -- lion -- Okavango Delta -- Panthera leo -- population -- survival
Zoology -- Africa -- Periodicals
Ecology -- Africa -- Periodicals
Wildlife management -- Africa -- Periodicals
Zoology -- Africa, East -- Periodicals
Ecology -- Africa, East -- Periodicals
Wildlife management -- Africa, East -- Periodicals
577 - Journal URLs:
- http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2028 ↗
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ ↗ - DOI:
- 10.1111/aje.12786 ↗
- Languages:
- English
- ISSNs:
- 0141-6707
- Deposit Type:
- Legaldeposit
- View Content:
- Available online (eLD content is only available in our Reading Rooms) ↗
- Physical Locations:
- British Library DSC - 0732.519000
British Library DSC - BLDSS-3PM
British Library HMNTS - ELD Digital store - Ingest File:
- 16019.xml