Bleaching and skin‐lightening practice among female students in South India: A cross‐sectional survey. (16th September 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Jagadeesan, Soumya; Kaliyadan, Feroze; Ashique, Karalikkattil T.; Karunakaran, Aditi
• Is Part Of: Journal of cosmetic dermatology. Volume 20:Number 4(2021)
• Page Start: 1176
• Page End: 1181
• Publication Date: 2020-09-16
• Subjects: bleaching -- fairness -- India -- skin lightening -- whitening; Skin -- Diseases -- Treatment -- Periodicals; Lasers in surgery -- Periodicals; Skin -- Pathophysiology -- Periodicals; Surgery, Plastic -- Periodicals; 616.5
• DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13689
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1473-2130

Abstract

Abstract: Background: Bleaching with skin‐lightening preparations is a common practice in our society. Particularly, a practice simply known as "bleaching"—referring to application of skin‐lightening chemicals including ammonia, hydrogen peroxide, and hypochlorite, repeated at intervals, as a salon‐based or home‐based procedure appears wide‐spread among young females in India. However, there is limited medical literature on "bleaching." Aims: We aimed to estimate the prevalence of "bleaching" among female students of our campus and to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding "bleaching" in the same population. Methods: A cross‐sectional, questionnaire‐based survey was conducted among the female students of the campus following a presurvey focus group discussion with a representative group. A pilot survey conducted to standardize the survey questionnaire showed a high reliability (Cronbach's alpha > 0.7). Descriptive statistical methods were used to assess survey results, and frequencies were presented as percentages. Results: A total of 880 valid responses were analyzed (age group 17‐30 years, mean age‐20.24 years). 34.77% had done "bleaching" at least once. 63.8% of respondents did not know the ingredients, and 40.5% did not know about the side effects of "bleaching." 60.06% of those who bleached had experienced an adverse effect. 58.18% respondents knew about "bleaching" from friends/relatives and 17% from parlors. Only 2.3% respondents had consulted a dermatologist, and only 22.8% had used sunscreens. Top motivation to bleach was to lighten facial hairs (19.5%), for a "lighter" complexion (15.1%) and achieve "glow" before a function (15.2%). Conclusion: Facial skin and hair "bleaching" is common in our society, and awareness regarding "bleaching" is low even among educated youth.