A practice approach to understanding the multilevel dynamics of sanitation innovation. (February 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Kokko, Suvi; Fischer, Klara
• Is Part Of: Technology in society. Volume 64(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-02
• Subjects: Radical innovation -- Practice theory -- Multilevel perspective -- Sanitation -- Global South; Technology -- Social aspects -- Periodicals; 303.483
• DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101522
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0160-791X

Abstract

Abstract: Although radical innovations are expected to play an increasing role in sustainable development by changing existing (unsustainable) systems, many of them do not succeed. This paper describes one such failure of innovation in the sanitation sector and offers insight into how innovators could redirect the innovation process to bring about real change. Drawing on practice theory in combination with the multilevel perspective on sustainability transitions, we identify elements of practices associated with a sanitation innovation and analyse how these interact with established practices in the sanitation sector. We establish the factors that facilitated and impeded this innovation's ability to create change. Based primarily on interviews conducted during a longitudinal case study undertaken between 2012 and 2018, our results suggest that: 1) the division of practice into elements of material, activity, competence and meaning facilitates a detailed analysis of how the innovation interacts with existing practices; 2) innovators may need to act as activists to align the meanings ascribed to the practice at hand across the regime actors, and 3) understanding the different elements of practice helps identify lock-ins that prevent niche innovations from succeeding. We conclude that it is necessary to change the practices of more resourceful actors in different parts of the regime, especially in policy, in order to move beyond experimental stages of innovation. Highlights: Dividing practice into separate elements helps in understanding how innovation interacts with existing practices. Understanding the different elements of practice helps identify lock-ins that hinder niche innovations from succeeding. Innovators may need to act as activists to align the meanings ascribed to a practice at hand across the regime actors.