The Effects of Prodrug Size and a Carbonyl Linker on l‐Type Amino Acid Transporter 1‐Targeted Cellular and Brain Uptake. (11th December 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Venteicher, Brooklynn; Merklin, Kasey; Ngo, Huy X.; Chien, Huan‐Chieh; Hutchinson, Keino; Campbell, Jerome; Way, Hannah; Griffith, Joseph; Alvarado, Cesar; Chandra, Surabhi; Hill, Evan; Schlessinger, Avner; Thomas, Allen A.
• Is Part Of: ChemMedChem. Volume 16:Number 5(2021)
• Page Start: 869
• Page End: 880
• Publication Date: 2020-12-11
• Subjects: amino acids -- blood-brain barrier -- drug delivery -- membrane proteins -- prodrugs; Pharmaceutical chemistry -- Periodicals; 615.19005
• DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000824
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1860-7179

Abstract

Abstract: The l ‐type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1, SLC7A5) imports dietary amino acids and amino acid drugs (e. g., l ‐DOPA) into the brain, and plays a role in cancer metabolism. Though there have been numerous reports of LAT1‐targeted amino acid‐drug conjugates (prodrugs), identifying the structural determinants to enhance substrate activity has been challenging. In this work, we investigated the position and orientation of a carbonyl group in linking hydrophobic moieties including the anti‐inflammatory drug ketoprofen to l ‐tyrosine and l ‐phenylalanine. We found that esters of meta ‐carboxyl l ‐phenylalanine had better LAT1 transport rates than the corresponding acylated l ‐tyrosine analogues. However, as the size of the hydrophobic moiety increased, we observed a decrease in LAT1 transport rate with a concomitant increase in potency of inhibition. Our results have important implications for designing amino acid prodrugs that target LAT1 at the blood‐brain barrier or on cancer cells. Abstract : Larger amino acids are inhibitors of the l ‐type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) and have poor rat‐brain uptake. Small‐to medium‐sized esters of meta ‐carboxyl l ‐phenylalanine are substrates. However, larger ester substituents cause a decrease in LAT1 transport rate and an increase in potency of inhibition (23, IC50 =0.31±0.1 μM).