A combined view on precipitation and temperature climatology and trends in the southern Andes of Peru. (8th June 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Imfeld, Noemi; Sedlmeier, Katrin; Gubler, Stefanie; Correa Marrou, Kris; Davila, Cristina P.; Huerta, Adrian; Lavado‐Casimiro, Waldo; Rohrer, Mario; Scherrer, Simon C.; Schwierz, Cornelia
• Is Part Of: International journal of climatology. Volume 41:Number 1(2021)
• Page Start: 679
• Page End: 698
• Publication Date: 2020-06-08
• Subjects: climate, seasonal -- observational data analysis -- physical phenomenon, mountains, agrometeorology -- rainfall; Climatology -- Periodicals; Climat -- Périodiques; Climatologie -- Périodiques; 551.605
• DOI: 10.1002/joc.6645
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0899-8418

Abstract

Abstract: In the southern Peruvian Andes, communities are highly dependent on climatic conditions due to the mainly rain‐fed agriculture and the importance of glaciers and snow melt as a freshwater resource. Longer‐term trends and year‐to‐year variability of precipitation or temperature severely affect living conditions. This study evaluates seasonal precipitation and temperature climatologies and trends in the period 1965/66–2017/18 for the southern Peruvian Andes using quality‐controlled and homogenized station data and new observational gridded data. In this region, precipitation exhibits a strong annual cycle with very dry winter months and most of the precipitation falling from spring to autumn. Spatially, a northeast–southwest gradient in austral spring is observed, related to an earlier start of the rainy season in the northeastern part of the study area. Seasonal variations of maximum temperature are weak with an annual maximum in austral spring, which is related to reduced cloud cover in austral spring compared to summer. On the contrary, minimum temperatures show larger seasonal variations, possibly enhanced through changes in longwave incoming radiation following the precipitation cycle. Precipitation trends since 1965 exhibit low spatial consistency except for austral summer, when in most of the study area increasing precipitation is observed, and in austral spring, when stations in the central‐western region of the study area register decreasing precipitation. All seasonal and annual trends in maximum temperature are larger than trends in minimum temperature. Maximum temperature exhibits strong trends in austral winter and spring, whereas minimum temperature trends are strongest in austral winter. We hypothesize, that these trends are related to precipitation changes, as decreasing (increasing) precipitation in spring (summer) may enhance maximum (minimum) temperature trends through changes in cloud cover. El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), however, has modifying effects onto precipitation and temperature, and thereby leads to larger trends in maximum temperatures. Abstract : In the southern Peruvian Andes, temperature trends are considerably stronger for maximum than for minimum temperature. In austral spring, for example, maximum temperature has a trend of 0.31°C/decade, while minimum temperature shows no trend. Precipitation trends may provide a hitherto not discussed explanation for these differences, as decreasing precipitation leads to increased incoming solar radiation during daytime and decreased longwave radiation during nighttime. Correcting the temperature for El Niño Southern Oscillation, however, leads to weaker trends especially in maximum temperature.