Polymer blends and polymer composites for cardiovascular implants. (5th March 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Toh, Han Wei; Toong, Daniel Wee Yee; Ng, Jaryl Chen Koon; Ow, Valerie; Lu, Shengjie; Tan, Lay Poh; Wong, Philip En Hou; Venkatraman, Subbu; Huang, Yingying; Ang, Hui Ying
• Is Part Of: European polymer journal. Volume 146(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-03-05
• Subjects: Polymer blends -- Polymer composites -- Biodegradable polymers -- Biomaterials -- Cardiovascular tissue engineering; 26SCS 2-N, 6-O-sulfated chitosan -- ABS Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene -- AM Additive Manufacturing -- BaSO4 Barium Sulfate -- bFGF Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor -- BMS Bare Metal Stent -- BRS Bioresorbable Stent -- CMCT Carboxymethyl Chitin -- CMCTS Carboxymethyl Chitosan -- CNFs Carbon Nanofibers -- CNTs Carbon Nanotubes -- CVD Cardiovascular Diseases -- DCM Dichloromethane -- DES Drug Eluting Stents -- DMSO Dimethyl Sulfoxide -- DOPsL Dynamic Optical Projection Stereolithography -- DPM Degree of Particle Melt -- ECM Extracellular Matrix -- ECs Endothelial Cells -- EDC 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) Carbodiimide -- ePTFE Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene -- FDM Fused Deposition Modeling -- FFF Fused Filament Fabrication -- GFs Growth Factors -- GO-Au Graphene Oxide-Gold -- HA Hydroxyapatite -- HDPE High Density Polyethylene -- LDPE Low Density Polyethylene -- LLDPE Linear Low Density Polyethylene -- MEW Melt Electrospinning Writing -- PBS Phosphate-buffered Saline -- PCL Polycaprolactone -- PDA Polydiacetylene -- PDGF Platelet-derived Growth Factor-bb -- PDLA Poly (d-lactic Acid) -- PDLLA Poly(d, l-lactic Acid) -- PE Polyethylene -- PEEK Polyether Ether Ketone -- PEG Poly(Ethylene Glycol) -- PEGDA Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Diacrylate -- PEO Poly(Ethylene Oxide) -- PET Polyethylene Terephthalate -- PGA Poly(Glycolic Acid) -- PGS Poly(Glycerol Sebacate) -- pHMGCL Poly(Hydroxymethylglycolide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) -- PIB Polyisobutylene -- PLA Poly(Lactic Acid) -- PLCL Poly(l-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) -- PLGA Poly(d, l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) -- PLLA Poly(l-lactic Acid) -- PMMA Polymethylmethacrylate -- PPC Poly(Propylene Carbonate) -- PP-PE Poly(Propylene)–Poly(Ethylene) -- PP-PS Poly(Propylene)–Poly(Styrene) -- PS Polystyrene -- PS-PPO Poly(Styrene)–Poly(Phenylene Oxide) -- PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene -- PTMC Poly(Trimethylene Carbonate) -- PTX Paclitaxel -- PU Polyurethane -- PVA Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) -- PVAC Poly(Vinyl Acetate) -- PVC Poly(Vinyl Chloride) -- SAN-PMMA Poly(Styrene-acrylonitrile)–Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) -- SEM Scanning Electron Microscopy -- SLA Stereolithography -- SLS Selective Laser Sintering -- TEBV Tissue- engineering Blood Vessels -- THF Tetrahydrofuran -- UHMWPE Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene -- UTS Ultimate Tensile Strength -- UV Ultraviolet -- VEGF Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; Polymers -- Periodicals; Polymerization -- Periodicals; Polymères -- Périodiques; Polymérisation -- Périodiques; Polymerization; Polymers; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 547.705
• DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110249
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0014-3057

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Abstract: Modern implantable medical devices have evolved beyond serving as physical surrogates, to also playing an active role in restoring bodily functions. The progress of implantable medical devices is the culmination of advances in various scientific fields such as material science, microelectronics and biomaterials. The use of polymers in biomedical applications is highly attractive, especially in soft tissue applications as polymers have the potential to elicit appropriate host tissue response. However, homopolymers often do not encompass all the desired characteristics such as mechanical properties, degradability, biocompatibility or bio-functionality. The concepts of polymer blending or polymer composites were introduced to overcome the inadequacies when using a single polymer in cardiovascular applications. Through polymer blending, polymer scaffolds made up of two or more polymers can yield scaffold stiffness closer to the human myocardium and improved hydrophilicity for better cell interaction and improved biodegradability. Polymer composites, which utilizes to reinforce the base polymer, have demonstrated improved the compliance of the vascular graft similar to human native vessels. This review presents an overview of fabrication techniques and novel applications of polymer blends and polymer composites in cardiovascular implants, ranging from coronary stents to tissue engineered constructs.