Parents of Children With Nonsyndromic Orofacial Clefting Show Altered Palate Shape. (July 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: El Sergani, Ahmed M.; Brandebura, Stephanie; Padilla, Carmencita; Butali, Azeez; Adeyemo, Wasiu L.; Valencia-Ramírez, Consuelo; Muñeton, Claudia P. Restrepo; Moreno, Lina M.; Buxó, Carmen J.; Long, Ross E.; Neiswanger, Katherine; Shaffer, John R.; Marazita, Mary L.; Weinberg, Seth M.
• Is Part Of: Cleft palate-craniofacial journal. Volume 58:Number 7(2021)
• Page Start: 847
• Page End: 853
• Publication Date: 2021-07
• Subjects: craniofacial morphology -- craniofacial biology -- palatal morphology -- geometric morphometrics -- cleft lip and palate; Cleft palate -- Periodicals; Skull -- Abnormalities -- Periodicals; Cranial manipulation -- Periodicals; Skull -- Abnormalities -- Surgery -- Periodicals; Face -- Abnormalities -- Surgery -- Periodicals; Fente palatine -- Périodiques; Crâne -- Malformations -- Périodiques; Manipulation crânienne -- Périodiques; Crâne -- Malformations -- Chirurgie -- Périodiques; Face -- Malformations -- Chirurgie -- Périodiques; Cleft palate; Cranial manipulation; Face -- Abnormalities -- Surgery; Skull -- Abnormalities; Skull -- Abnormalities -- Surgery; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Facial Bones -- abnormalities; Skull -- abnormalities; Periodicals; Periodicals; Periodicals; 617.522
• DOI: 10.1177/1055665620967235
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1055-6656

Abstract

Objective: The unaffected relatives of individuals with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts have been shown to exhibit subtle craniofacial differences compared with the general population. Here, we investigate whether these morphological differences extend to the shape of the palate. Design: We conducted a geometric morphometric analysis to compare palate shape in the clinically unaffected parents of children with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate and adult controls of European, Asian, and African ancestry. We conducted pairwise group comparisons using canonical variates analysis, and then confirmed and characterized findings of shape differences using Euclidean distance matrix analysis. Results: Significant differences in palate shape were detected in unaffected mothers (but not fathers) compared to demographically matched controls. The differences in shape were ancestry-specific; mothers of Asian-derived and African-derived ancestry showed wider and shorter palates with higher posterior palatal vaults, while mothers of European-derived ancestry showed narrower palates with higher anterior palatal vaults. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that altered palate shape is a subclinical phenotypic feature, which may be indicative of elevated orofacial cleft risk. The risk phenotype varied by sex and ancestry, suggesting possible etiologic heterogeneity among demographic groups. Understanding the genetic basis of these informative palate shape traits may reveal new genes and pathways relevant to nonsyndromic orofacial clefting.