Management of metastatic thyroid cancer in pregnancy: risk and uncertainty. (2nd December 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Rowe, Christopher W; Murray, Kirsten; Woods, Andrew; Gupta, Sandeep; Smith, Roger; Wynne, Katie
• Is Part Of: Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports. (2016)
• Publication Date: 2016-12-02
• Subjects: Adolescent/young adult -- Female -- White -- Australia; Thyroid -- Thyroid -- TSH -- Thyroxine (T4) -- Papillary thyroid cancer -- Hypothyroidism; Hypothyroidism -- Premature labour -- TSH -- Thyroglobulin -- FT4 -- RAIU test -- CT scan -- Pulse oximetry -- Lung function testing -- Exercise tolerance -- Respiratory status -- Radionuclide therapy -- Thyroidectomy -- Radioiodine -- Levothyroxine -- Iron supplements; Gynaecology -- Obstetrics -- Oncology; Insight into disease pathogenesis or mechanism of therapy -- December -- 2016; Endocrinology -- Periodicals; Diabetes -- Periodicals; Diabetes Mellitus; Endocrinology; Diabetes; Endocrinology; Case Reports; Periodicals; Periodicals; 616.4
• DOI: 10.1530/EDM-16-0071
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2052-0573

Abstract

Abstract : Metastatic thyroid cancer is an uncommon condition to be present at the time of pregnancy, but presents a challenging paradigm of care. Clinicians must balance the competing interests of long-term maternal health, best achieved by iatrogenic hyperthyroidism, regular radioiodine therapy and avoidance of dietary iodine, against the priority to care for the developing foetus, with inevitable compromise. Additionally, epidemiological and cellular data support the role of oestrogen as a growth factor for benign and malignant thyrocytes, although communicating the magnitude of this risk to patients and caregivers, as well as the uncertain impact of any pregnancy on long-term prognosis, remains challenging. Evidence to support treatment decisions in this uncommon situation is presented in the context of a case of a pregnant teenager with known metastatic papillary thyroid cancer and recent radioiodine therapy. Learning points: Pregnancy is associated with the growth of thyroid nodules due to stimulation from oestrogen receptors on thyrocytes and HCG cross-stimulation of the TSH receptor. Thyroid cancer diagnosed during pregnancy has not been shown to be associated with increased rates of persistent or recurrent disease in most studies. There is little evidence to guide the management of metastatic thyroid cancer in pregnancy, where both maternal and foetal wellbeing must be carefully balanced.