Bio-remediation approaches for alleviation of cadmium contamination in natural resources. (April 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Kumar, Amit; Subrahmanyam, Gangavarapu; Mondal, Raju; Cabral-Pinto, M.M.S.; Shabnam, Aftab A.; Jigyasu, Dharmendra K.; Malyan, Sandeep K.; Fagodiya, Ram Kishor; Khan, Shakeel A.; Kumar, Amit; Yu, Zhi-Guo
• Is Part Of: Chemosphere. Volume 268(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-04
• Subjects: Microremediation -- Phytoremediation -- Biosorption -- Contamination -- Heavy metal -- Transgenic species; Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Physiological effect -- Periodicals; Environmental sciences -- Periodicals; Atmospheric chemistry -- Periodicals; 551.511
• DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128855
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0045-6535

Abstract

Abstract: Cadmium (Cd) is a harmful heavy metal that can cause potent environmental and health hazards at different trophic levels through food chain. Cd is relatively non-biodegradable and persists for a long time in the environment. Considering the potential toxicity and non-biodegradability of Cd in the environment as well as its health hazards, this is an urgent issue of international concern that needs to be addressed by implicating suitable remedial approaches. The current article specifically attempts to review the different biological approaches for remediation of Cd contamination in natural resources. Further, bioremediation mechanisms of Cd by microbes such as bacteria, fungi, algae are comprehensively discussed. Studies indicate that heavy metal resistant microbes can be used as suitable biosorbents for the removal of Cd (up to 90%) in the natural resources. Soil-to-plant transfer coefficient (TC) of Cd ranges from 3.9 to 3340 depending on the availability of metal to plants and also on the type of plant species. The potential phytoremediation strategies for Cd removal and the key factors influencing bioremediation process are also emphasized. Studies on molecular mechanisms of transgenic plants for Cd bioremediation show immense potential for enhancing Cd phytoremediation efficiency. Thus, it is suggested that nano-technological based integrated bioremediation approaches could be a potential futuristic path for Cd decontamination in natural resources. This review would be highly useful for the biologists, chemists, biotechnologists and environmentalists to understand the long-term impacts of Cd on ecology and human health so that potential remedial measures could be taken in advance. Graphical abstract: Image 1 Highlights: Cadmium (Cd) is a harmful heavy metal that can cause potent environmental and health hazards. Bioremediation of cadmium is an eco-friendly and sustainable cost-effective technology. Cd removal under the contrasting environment needs more - attention for addressing ecological security. Transgenic species are promising in bio-removal of Cd and the technology could be exploited for optimum cd bioremediation. Nanotechnology coupled bioremediation can substantially enhance Cd bioremediation efficiency.