Spatial genetic structure and landscape connectivity in black bears: Investigating the significance of using different land cover datasets and classifications in landscape genetics analyses. Issue 2 (5th January 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Draheim, Hope M.; Moore, Jennifer A.; Winterstein, Scott R.; Scribner, Kim T.
• Is Part Of: Ecology and evolution. Volume 11:Issue 2(2021)
• Page Start: 978
• Page End: 989
• Publication Date: 2021-01-05
• Subjects: black bear -- land cover data -- landscape genetics -- spatial genetic structure -- Ursus americanus; Ecology -- Periodicals; Evolution -- Periodicals; 577.05
• DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7111
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2045-7758

Abstract

Abstract: Landscape genetic analyses allow detection of fine‐scale spatial genetic structure (SGS) and quantification of effects of landscape features on gene flow and connectivity. Typically, analyses require generation of resistance surfaces. These surfaces characteristically take the form of a grid with cells that are coded to represent the degree to which landscape or environmental features promote or inhibit animal movement. How accurately resistance surfaces predict association between the landscape and movement is determined in large part by (a) the landscape features used, (b) the resistance values assigned to features, and (c) how accurately resistance surfaces represent landscape permeability. Our objective was to evaluate the performance of resistance surfaces generated using two publicly available land cover datasets that varied in how accurately they represent the actual landscape. We genotyped 365 individuals from a large black bear population ( Ursus americanus ) in the Northern Lower Peninsula (NLP) of Michigan, USA at 12 microsatellite loci, and evaluated the relationship between gene flow and landscape features using two different land cover datasets. We investigated the relative importance of land cover classification and accuracy on landscape resistance model performance. We detected local spatial genetic structure in Michigan's NLP black bears and found roads and land cover were significantly correlated with genetic distance. We observed similarities in model performance when different land cover datasets were used despite 21% dissimilarity in classification between the two land cover datasets. However, we did find the performance of land cover models to predict genetic distance was dependent on the way the land cover was defined. Models in which land cover was finely defined (i.e., eight land cover classes) outperformed models where land cover was defined more coarsely (i.e., habitat/non‐habitat or forest/non‐forest). Our results show that landscape genetic researchers should carefully consider how land cover classification changes inference in landscape genetic studies. Abstract : We evaluated the performance of multiple of resistance surfaces generated from two different land cover data sets to quantify the effects of landscape features on gene flow. We observe models with land cover defined with more complexity (i.e., eight land cover classes) out performed those models that defined land cover using a binary classification scheme (i.e., habitat/non‐habitat or forest/non‐forest.) Our analyses demonstrate that different land cover data sets classifications can result in disparate landscape–genetic associations.