The spatial statistic trinity: A generic framework for spatial sampling and inference. (December 2020)
- Record Type:
- Journal Article
- Title:
- The spatial statistic trinity: A generic framework for spatial sampling and inference. (December 2020)
- Main Title:
- The spatial statistic trinity: A generic framework for spatial sampling and inference
- Authors:
- Wang, Jinfeng
Gao, Bingbo
Stein, Alfred - Abstract:
- Abstract: Geospatial referenced environmental data are extensively used in environmental assessment, prediction, and management. Data are commonly obtained by nonrandom surveys or monitoring networks, whereas spatial sampling and inference affect the accuracy of subsequent applications. Design-based and model-based procedures (DB and MB for short) both allow one to address the gap between statistical inference and spatial data. Creating independence by sampling implies that DB may neglect spatial autocorrelation (SAC) if the sampling interval is beyond the SAC range. In MB, however, a particular sampling design can be irrelevant for inferential results. Empirical studies further showed that MSE (mean squared error) values for both DB and MB are affected by SAC and spatial stratified heterogeneity (SSH). We propose a novel framework for integrating SAC and SSH into DB and MB. We do so by distinguishing the spatial population from the spatial sample. We show that spatial independence in a spatial population results in independence in a spatial sample, whereas SAC in a spatial population is reflected in a spatial sample if sampling distances are within the range of dependence; otherwise, SAC is absent in the spatial sample. Similarly, SSH in a population may or may not be inherited in data, and this depends on the sampling method. Thus, the population, sample, and inference constitute a so-called spatial statistic trinity (SST), providing a new framework for spatial statistics,Abstract: Geospatial referenced environmental data are extensively used in environmental assessment, prediction, and management. Data are commonly obtained by nonrandom surveys or monitoring networks, whereas spatial sampling and inference affect the accuracy of subsequent applications. Design-based and model-based procedures (DB and MB for short) both allow one to address the gap between statistical inference and spatial data. Creating independence by sampling implies that DB may neglect spatial autocorrelation (SAC) if the sampling interval is beyond the SAC range. In MB, however, a particular sampling design can be irrelevant for inferential results. Empirical studies further showed that MSE (mean squared error) values for both DB and MB are affected by SAC and spatial stratified heterogeneity (SSH). We propose a novel framework for integrating SAC and SSH into DB and MB. We do so by distinguishing the spatial population from the spatial sample. We show that spatial independence in a spatial population results in independence in a spatial sample, whereas SAC in a spatial population is reflected in a spatial sample if sampling distances are within the range of dependence; otherwise, SAC is absent in the spatial sample. Similarly, SSH in a population may or may not be inherited in data, and this depends on the sampling method. Thus, the population, sample, and inference constitute a so-called spatial statistic trinity (SST), providing a new framework for spatial statistics, including sampling and inference. This paper shows that it greatly simplifies the choice of method in spatial sampling and inferences. Two empirical examples and various citations illustrate the theory. Highlights: Propose a novel framework for integrating SAC and SSH into DB and MB. Provide a new framework for spatial statistics, including sampling and inference. It includes the population, sample and inference and called spatial statistic trinity. It distinguishes the spatial population from the spatial sample. It greatly simplifies the method choice in spatial sampling and inferences. … (more)
- Is Part Of:
- Environmental modelling & software. Volume 134(2020)
- Journal:
- Environmental modelling & software
- Issue:
- Volume 134(2020)
- Issue Display:
- Volume 134, Issue 2020 (2020)
- Year:
- 2020
- Volume:
- 134
- Issue:
- 2020
- Issue Sort Value:
- 2020-0134-2020-0000
- Page Start:
- Page End:
- Publication Date:
- 2020-12
- Subjects:
- Population and sample -- Spatial autocorrelation (SAC) -- Spatial stratified heterogeneity (SSH) -- Variable and random variable -- Spatial statistic trinity (SST)
Environmental monitoring -- Computer programs -- Periodicals
Ecology -- Computer simulation -- Periodicals
Digital computer simulation -- Periodicals
Computer software -- Periodicals
Environmental Monitoring -- Periodicals
Computer Simulation -- Periodicals
Environnement -- Surveillance -- Logiciels -- Périodiques
Écologie -- Simulation, Méthodes de -- Périodiques
Simulation par ordinateur -- Périodiques
Logiciels -- Périodiques
Computer software
Digital computer simulation
Ecology -- Computer simulation
Environmental monitoring -- Computer programs
Periodicals
Electronic journals
363.70015118 - Journal URLs:
- http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13648152 ↗
http://www.elsevier.com/journals ↗ - DOI:
- 10.1016/j.envsoft.2020.104835 ↗
- Languages:
- English
- ISSNs:
- 1364-8152
- Deposit Type:
- Legaldeposit
- View Content:
- Available online (eLD content is only available in our Reading Rooms) ↗
- Physical Locations:
- British Library DSC - 3791.522800
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